Chapter 4,选词diction,此类转化conversion.pptVIP

Chapter Four Common Methods and Skills of English-Chinese Translation 1. Diction(Choice of Words) “The meaning of a word is its use in the language.” “Each word, when used in a new context, is a new word.”(Firth) A word is not a crystal, transparent and unchanging; it is the skin of a living thought and may vary greatly in color and content according to the circumstances and time in which it is used. (Holmes) Context is the sole determiner of meaning without which meaning does not exist. (B. Malinowsky) Story1. This war is becoming the most important story of this generation. (event)2. It is quite another story now.(situation) 3. Some reporters who were not included in the session broke the story. (inside information) 4. He’ll be very happy if that story holds up. (statement) 5. What a story! I don’t believe a word of it. (lie)6. Last December the Post first reported that probes were being made in each of those cities, but officials refused to confirm the story. (news) 7. The story about him became smaller and by and by faded out from American TV. (report) Cheap p55 This type writer is indeed cheap and fine. He is making himself cheap. Her feelings come too easily, too cheaply. In comparison with Chinese, English words are generally more flexible both in form and in meaning. Equivalence between English and Chinese at Word Level Word-for-word EquivalenceMarxism马克思主义 Aspirin阿司匹林 One Word with Multiple Equivalents of the Same Meaningwife:妻子、爱人、夫人、老婆、老伴、媳妇、堂客、内人……potato: 马铃薯、洋芋、土豆、山药蛋…… One Word with Several Equivalents of Different Meaningcousin: 堂兄、堂弟、堂姐、堂妹、表哥、表弟、表姐、表妹……president: 总统、总裁、主席、董事长、议长、会长、社长、校长…… Equivalents Interwoven with One Anothersay, speak, talk, tell说、讲、谈、诉 Words Without Corresponding Equivalentsteenager: 13至19岁的青少年cyberslacker: 利用工作时间在公司上网、做与工作无关的事情的雇员 Methods of Discriminating the Original Meaning of a Given Word Word Formation (compouding, derivation, affixation, blending, acronym, clipp