主谓一致略谈.pptVIP

GrammarSubject-Verb Agreement 主谓一致 主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。一般情况下，主谓一致主要遵循以下三个原则： 语法一致原则 (grammatical concord)  意义一致原则 (notional concord)  就近一致原则 (principle of proximity) （一）语法一致原则  简单地说，如果单数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数形式；复数名词做主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。例如： 　 This book is mine. They are students. （二）意义一致原则 　 有时，主谓一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上的单、复数形式，这样的一致关系就是意义一致。例如： 　The United States is a developed country. 　This pair of trousers costs fifty dollars. （三）就近一致原则 　 有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的主语形式。例如： 　There is a book and two pens on the desk.　Neither he nor I am going.  一、两个主语由and或both …and 连接时，谓语动词一般用复数 Jane and Betty______ going on holidays in a few days’ time. Both coffee and beer _______on sale in the shop. ●另外，，两个名词虽然由and连接，但表示单一概念，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 如:bread and butter(黄油面包)， fish and chips （鱼炸土片）, coffee and milk(加牛奶的咖啡)， salt and water(盐水), a knife and fork (一副刀叉), a coat and skirt（一套上装和裙子）, a watch and chain（带链的挂表）,a desk and chair(一套桌椅） a needle and thread （穿了线针）  二、主语是只有复数形式的名词时，谓语动词用复数; 这类名词有clothes, trousers, glasses, shoes, socks, gloves, scissors, goods, customs, jeans, woods, savings 等 1. My shoes ________ on the floor. 三、集体名词作主语指整体时，谓语动词用单数；指具体成员时，谓语动词用复数。这类集体名词包括：team, group, class, family, army, enemy, government, audience, crowd, committee, club，company, couple, party, staff, public, band, village, Bank of China, The B.B.C. The village_______ not far from here. The whole village _____ out greeting him. 四、1)有些有生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。常见的词有：cattle, folk , people, police, youth, mankind, 但people指“民族”时例外 1. The police ______searching for the murderer.2.The youth _______like the rising sun.3.The cattle ________ grazing in the field. 五、由together with, along with, as well as, no less than, rather than, in addition to, followed by, 以及not like, unlike, with, but, except, besides, including等连接的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由前面的名词或代词来决定(就前原则）。 1. The teacher with all of her students ____at the talk show. (was ,