CrystalGrowth-lecture1.ppt

Dr. Y.L. Du School of Materials Science and Engineering III Research New Metallic Materials; First principle studies of intermetallics, ceramics, etc. New energy materials This course aims at providing students with an in depth understanding of various phenomena taking place during crystal growth and the growth mechanism of various crystals. Introduction to crystals Classification of Matter Matter Solids Solids are again classified into two types. What is a Crystalline solid? Crystalline Solid Single Crystal Examples ! Amorphous Solids Non-crystalline Crystals Solids: Short-range Order Long-range Order Some natural crystals The crystals are beautiful. What are the crystal properties? Classification of Crystals Laser 激光crystal Electro-optical crystal Magneto-optical crystal Piezoelectric压电 crystal Semiconducting crystal Optical crystal 1. Laser crystal Requirements for Laser crystal Material properties are determined by the properties of the host material, the properties of the optically active ions, and the mutual共同的互相的 interaction相互作用 between the host and the dopant掺杂 ions The most fundamental requirement for a laser material is that it can be easily and economically produced with high quality in large amounts and different sizes Stability with respect to local environmental changes such as temperature humidity stress thermal effects, thermal lensing It is possible to put 2 types of ions in the same host material nonradiative energy transfer from the sensitizers to the activators 2. Nonlinear crystal Photorefractive Effect Wave Mixing Phase Conjugation Stimulated Back Scattering 3. Electro-optic crystal An electro-optic effect is a change in the optical properties of a material in response to an electric field that varies slowly compared with the frequency of light. LiTaO3 crystal is also widely used E-O crystal, due to its optical, NLO and E-O poperties similar to those of LiNbO3 crystal, but with higher damage threshold ( 500 MW/cm2 for ns pulsed).