3-stress-strain-tension-test1233.pptVIP

Stresses and Strains Solid materials are deformable, not rigid. We will study the stresses and strains that forces produce in a body A.) Axial Tensile and Compressive  Stresses Consider a 2” x 4” piece of wood with a force P applied at each end. Anywhere you cut this bar across its section, in order to keep the board from moving, the 800 lb force must act on that section. ?Fx = 0 = - 800 lb + PA = 0 PA = 800 lb We assume that the force is distributed evenly throughout the section so that an equal portion of the 800 lb force acts on each square inch of the cross-section Since we have 8 square makes, the amount of force on each square inch is: 800 lb = 100 lb = 100 psi 8in2 in2 Which is the definition of stress: ? = P A ?= stress = unit stress = average stress = engineering stress P = applied force A= cross-sectional area over which the stress develops ?t = Tensile Stress (produced by Tensile Forces) ?c= Compressive Stress (produced by Compressive Forces) B. Examples of Tensile and Compressive Stresses C.) TENSILE AND COMPRESSIVE STRAINS AND DEFORMATIONS Example: Dock with wooden ladder for a footbridge. This is an example of deformation or deflection due to bending stress which we will cover later. Similarly, when a steel rod is in Tension, it will deform, but it is not as noticeable. ? = deformation = the amount a body is lengthened by a tensile force and shortened by a compressive force. To permit comparison with acceptable values, the deformation is usually converted to a unit basis, which is the strain. ? = ????? L ? = strain (= unit strain) ? = deformation that occurs over length L L = original length of member Example: a 3/8” cable, 100’ long stretches 1” before freeing a truck which is stuck in the mud. Find the strain in the cable. ?