药学英语Unit two-text A.pptVIP

Unit Two Text A Foundation of Biochemistry biochemistry 生物化学 carbon 碳 hydrogen 氢 oxygen 氧 nitrogen 氮 amino acid 氨基酸 nucleotide 核苷酸 monosaccharide 单糖 protein 蛋白质 nucleic acid 核酸 polysaccharide 多糖 E. coli 肠埃希氏菌，俗称大肠杆菌 neurotransmitter 神经递质 pigment 色素 adenosine triphosphate 三磷酸腺苷，ATP oxidation 氧化 phosphorylation 磷酸化 phosphorus 磷 photosynthetic 光合作用的 photophosphorylation 光合磷酸化 enzyme 酶 The molecules of which living organisms are composed conform to all the familiar laws of chemistry. 组成生命有机体的分子都遵循着熟知的化学规律 ,but they also interact with each other in accordance with another set of principles, which we shall refer to collectively as the molecular logic of life. 但是这些分子却按照另一套规律相互作用，就是我们将提到的生命的分子逻辑学的全部原理 If living organisms are composed of molecules that are intrinsically inanimate, how do these molecules confer the remarkable combination of characteristics we call life? 如果生命有机体是由本质上无生命的分子组成，那么这些分子是怎样赋予了生命的各种特征？ Most of the molecular constituents of living systems are composed of carbon atoms covalently joined with other carbon atoms and with hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen. 生命体的分子组分大部分由碳原子和碳原子，及氢，氧或氮的共价结合构成。 All living organisms have the same kinds of monomeric subunits. There are underlying patterns in the structure of biological macromolecules. The identity of each organism is preserved by its possession of distinctive sets of nucleic acids and of proteins. 所有的生命有机体都具有相同种类的单聚体；在生物大分子的构成上采用基本的模式；每一种生物的特性保存在独特的核酸和蛋白系统中。 ATP is the universal carrier of metabolic energy, linking catabolism and anabolism. ATP是代谢能量的通用载体，连接分解代谢与合成代谢。 Cells capture, store, and transport free energy in a chemical form. 细胞以化学形式捕捉，贮藏和传递自由能 Hereditary information is preserved in DNA, a long, thin organic polymer so fragile that it will fragment from the shear forces arising in a solution that is stirred or pipetted. 遗传信息 保持在DNA分子中，它是一条长且细的有机聚合物，很脆弱，容易被搅拌或吹打的溶液中的剪切力所切断。 A human sperm or egg, carrying the accumulated hereditary information of millions of years of evolution, transmit these ins