结构5：从句.ppt

名词从句 　 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 名词从句在句中是一个相当于名词的主谓结构。连接这些从句与主句的关系词主要有三类： 1.从属连词：that, whether, if 2.关系代词：who, whom, whose, what, which 3.关系副词：when, where, why, how 1) 主语从句 用作主语的主谓结构称之为主语从句。例如： How rich I am should concern no one except me. Why you did not hire me is hard to comprehend. Whoever said that is totally incorrect. How the prisoner escaped is a mystery. Whoever injured the handicapped woman must be feeling guilty. Whether hell come or not remains a question. ⑴ 尽管主从连词that在主语从句中没有任何意义, 但一般不能省略。 That he is an honest man cannot be denied. That we were ready to go was a miracle. That you are losing ground was evident from the polls. 当主语从句在后面时，连词that可以省去。 It is necessary (that) I should get a haircut. ⑵ 为了保持句子平衡或在正式文体中, 常用先行It代替主语从句而将主语从句置于句末。 It remains a question whether hell come or not . It is not allowed whoever says that. 2) 宾语从句 用作谓语动词、介词以及非谓语动词形式的宾语的主谓结构称之为宾语从句。也就是说,只要是用一个主谓结构去充当宾语，那么这个主谓结构就称为宾语从句。 作动词、介词的宾语，例如： We wonder what your plans for the trip are. Do you know how dynamite is made? He knows that he should be long-suffering. Everyone is wondering how he could just disappear. The family has had no word about where he might be. One should profit from what he sees and learns. We will send the money to whoever asks for it. 作形容词的宾语 例如：I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. ⑴ 宾语从句与主句的时态一致性问题这种一致性的要求, 只有当主句的谓语动词用于表示过去时间的时候才存在。另外，这种一致性只要求宾语从句的谓语动词也表示过去时间，至于用什么样具体的时态就要依从句的需要而定了。 He had told me that he had no opinion about who caused the problem. I remembered what his plans for the trip were. She thought that we should send the money to whoever asked for it. (2) 连词 当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that 无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如： She said that she would leave the message on the headmasters desk. He said that he could finish his work before supper. 当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if 或whether 引导，意为“是否”。如： Alice wanted to know if/whether her grandmother liked the bag. 但在下列情况下只能用whether：