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The British Political System: The U.K. is a constitutional monarchy: the head of the State is a king or a queen. Parliament consists of the Sovereignty, the House of Lords and the House of the Commons. The House of Lords is presided over by the Lord Chancellor(大法官). The House of the Commons is chaired by the Speaker. This chamber has the ultimate authority of law-making. The party which wins sufficient seats at a General Election to command a majority of supporters in the House of Commons usually forms the government. The Prime Minister is appointed by the Monarch. The PM presides over the Cabinet, which is composed by the most senior ministers. All the ministers are appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the PM. 1. commission: n. 委任状任官令佣金v. 委任委托使服役 He has secured two commissions to design buildings for a local authority. 他已承包两项为当地政府设计建筑物的业务。receive the President’s commission to head the ministry of foreign affairs. 人人都想知道总统会任命谁来领导外交部。 2. cabinet: 橱柜；内阁 Examples: The Opposition parties made (political) capital out of the disagreements within the Cabinet. 反对党利用内阁的分歧而捞取（政治）资本.因为由于Examples: The wall declined slightly on account of the earthquake. 墙壁因地震而倾斜。 On account of difference in taste, your design does not suit this market. 由于趣味不同。您的款式不合此间市场。 n. 严格酷烈严密Examples: The expedition suffered all the rigors of a Canadian winter. 这支探险队饱受了加拿大严冬的折磨。 He deserves to be punished with the full rigor of the law. 他应该受到法律最严厉的惩罚。 严厉的严酷的严格的He makes a rigorous study of the plant in the area. 他对该地的植物进行了的研究。 After a rigorous competition, 500 recent college graduates won places out of a field of 2, 500 applicants经过一番激烈竞争之后，2500名申请人中，500名刚从大学毕业的被录取。vt. 呈送递交主张vt. 使服从屈服We should submit our plans to the council for approval. 我们应该向理事会提交计划以求批准。The big company intended to submit the neighborhood by cutting off the power supply. 这家大公司企图用切断电源供应的手段来使邻居们屈服。 6. summon: v. 召唤召集振奋The shareholders were summoned to a general meeting. 那些股东被召集去加股东大会。 He summoned his soldiers to f