2 预应力.pptVIP

* * Words and Expressions jack n. 千斤顶，支撑物 screw n. 丝杆，螺旋杆 Refinement n. 改善，精制 neutral axis 中性轴（或中和轴） a series of 一系列的，一连串的 take into account 计及， 考虑（到） in reverse 相反，朝相反方向 Dramatically ad. 显著地，戏剧性地 joist n. 小梁，工字钢 accomodate v. 接（容）纳，调节 flexibility n. 柔性，柔软度 resilience n. 弹力，回弹（性，能力） springboard 跳板 wand n. 辊，棒 cane n. 藤茎，藤料 post-tensioned 后张的 pretensioning 先张法 Lintel n. 过梁，楣 Frame n. 框架，门框 Fence n. 栅栏标杆 Form n. 模板 Bond n. 粘结，结合 set up 产生，竖立 Girder n. 桁架，大梁 Balcony n. 阳台，楼厅 Underside n. 底面，下侧 spectator n. 观众，旁观者 occasionally ad. 往往，不时 potentially ad. 潜伏地，可能地 scrap n. 废弃，炸碎 unprecedented a. 从未有过的， 史无前列的 approach n. 方法，接近 anchor n. 锚 critical a. 危险的， 临界的 PRESTRESSING 预应力 Large prestressed concrete beams(梁) are often made up of separate blocks（块） strung （连接）together by cables of high tensile steel（抗拉钢筋） passing through holes left in them, and put into high tension by jacks（千斤顶）, screws（螺丝）, or same other means. In principle the action is precisely the same as in the row of books, but a refinement（制作） is possible which could not be introduced there. Since the bending moment（弯矩） caused by the weight of the beam and any loading which is intended to carry is greatest at midspan（中跨）, the cables（钢筋） are lowest in the beam here; at the ends there is no bending moment to counteract（抵抗）, and the cables rise to about mid-depth there (Fig. 1-5-1, a) . Since the bending moment produced by the cables at any point is equal to the tension in them, times the distance e of the cables below the neutral axis（中性轴） of the beam, they are usually arranged to take a roughly （粗略地）parabolic shape（抛物线形状）, because the bending moment due to uniformly(均匀的) distributed loads（分布荷载） (the usual form of loading) also varies parabolically from end to end. Even if the concrete is cast in one continuous piece instead of in a series of blocks, the design is similar, for the tensile strength（抗拉强度）