unit 11 Optical Fiber.docVIP

Optical Fiber Part I. Text-Translation： Light is a form of electromagnetic energy. It travels at its fastest in a vacuum: 300,000 kilometers/second (approximately 186,000 miles/second). 光是电磁能的一种形式。它在真空里的传播速度最快：300，000千米/秒 （大约是186，000英里/秒）。 2、The speed of light depends on the density of the medium through which it is traveling (the higher the density, the slower the speed). 光速与它正穿越的介质密度有关（密度越大，速度越低）。 Passage 2 1、Current technology supports two modes for propagating light along optical channels, each requiring fiber with different physical characteristics: multimode and single-mode. 目前的技术支持两种在光纤信道中传播光信号的模式：多模和单模。 2、Multimode, in turn, can be implemented in two forms: step-index or graded-index. 不同模式要求光纤具有不同的物理特征，而多模光纤又可以两种形式实现：阶跃型或渐变型光纤。 Passage 3 1、Multimode is so named because multiple beams from a light source move through the core in different paths. 光源发出的不同模式的光线会以多重路径穿过纤芯，多模由此得名。 2、How these beams move within the cable depends on the structure of the core. 光速在光缆内如何传播取决于纤芯的结构。 Passage 4 1、In step-index multimode, the density of the core remains constant from the center to the edges. 在阶跃型多模中，纤芯的密度中心到边沿均保持一致。 2、A beam of light moves through this constant density in a straight line until it reaches the interface of the core and cladding. 光速以直线的形式通过这种密度相同的纤芯传播，直到它抵达纤芯与包层的界面。 3、At the interface there is an abrupt change to a lower density that alters the angle of the beam’s motion. The term step-index refers to the suddenness of this change. 在界面处，密度突然降低改变了光速运动的角度。“阶跃型”就是指这种突然的改变。 Passage 5 1、In a step-index fiber, some beams in the middle travel in straight lines through the cores and reach the destination without reflecting or refraction. 在一个阶跃型光纤中，一些光速在传播中以直线的形式穿过纤芯达到目的地，没有反射或是折射。 2、Some beams strike the interface of the core and cladding at an angle smaller than the critical angle; these beams penetrate the cladding and are lost. 有些光速在角度小于临界角时会撞击纤芯与包层的界面，这些光速便会穿过包层，消失不见。 3、Still others hit the edges of the core at angles greater than t