语态的翻译.pptVIP

语态的翻译 英译汉 英语中的被动语态使用极为广泛，尤其是在科技英语中被动语态几乎随处可见，这是因为：被动结构比主动结构更少主观色彩，科技论著注重客观事实，因此需要这种特性；被动结构更能突出主要特征，说明对象，引人注目；在很多情况下被动结构比主动结构更简短。而汉语中的被动结构却不那么常见，因为从习惯上讲，汉语中的“被”、“遭”、“受”、“挨”等字眼总是给人不那么舒服的感觉，因此在英译汉时，往往要尽量将被动语态化为主动结构。 在翻译英语的被动句时，可分析具体情况，采用相应的翻译方法。以下是常用的几种方法： 1. 译成汉语“被、受、由、把、遭、挨、使、给、为……所、加以、予以”等有标志的被动结构 英语被动句如果表达的是令人不快或不幸的事情，句中又有施动者，则正符合汉语被动句的使用条件。因此大都可以译成汉语的被动结构。例如： His passport was confiscated by the police. 他的护照被警方没收了。 Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield. 我们随时都会被出入机场的敌机发现。 The hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire. 大火使这家旅馆几乎全部毁坏。 By evening the occupation was complete, and the people were chased off the streets by an eight o’clock curfew. 至傍晚，占领已告完成，八点钟开始的宵禁把人们从街上赶回家。 Every single member of that first party had been captured by Spanish Frontier police and put into a concentration camp. 第一批的所有人都被西班牙的边防警察逮捕并被关进了集中营。 He was looked down upon by all his friends. 他为所有的朋友所鄙视。 但有时在句子并非表现负面的事物时，汉语仍然可以用被动句来翻译。例如： He was sent to the front. 他被派往前线。 Besides voltage，resistance and capacitance, an alternating current is also influenced by inductance. 除了电压、电阻和电容以外，交流电还受电感的影响。 In his early days Hitler was backed by powerful financial interests in Germany. 希特勒早年曾经受到德国很有势力的财团的支持。 In the first battle of this period two divisions were disarmed and two divisional commanders were captured. 第一仗就把敌军两个师解除了武装，俘虏了两个师长。 I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card. 我为这些话所深深感动，后来我就把它们写在圣诞卡上了。 2. 译成主动形式而又具有被动含义的句子 The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated. 他在青少年时期留下的自卑感还没有完全消除。 The whole country was armed in a few days. 几天之内全国都武装起来了。 It was a wonder that the car was severely damaged beyond any means of repair while the driver was safe and sound. 汽车损坏严重，已无法修理，而驾驶员却安然无恙，真是奇迹。 The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。 3. 原文的主语变为宾语 What is little understood by the outside world is that this is a failure legislated for.It is a failure