新版轮机英语unit21_oil treatment.ppt

Lesson 21 Oil Treatment Both fuel oils and lubricating oils require treatment before passing to the engine . This will involve storage and heating to allow separation of water present, coarse（粗） and fine filtering to remove solid particles and also centrifuging. The centrifugal separator is used to separate two liquids,for example oil and water ,or a liquid and solids as in contaminated oil（污油） Separation is speeded up by the use of a centrifuge and can be arranged as a continuous（连续） process. Where a centrifuge is arranged to separate two liquids,it is known as a “purifier”（分水机）. Where a centrifuge is arranged to separate impurities（杂质） and small amounts of water from oils it is known as a “clarifier“ （分杂机）. The separation of impurities and water from fuel oil is essential for good combustion. The removal of contaminating impurities from lubricating oil will reduce engine wear (磨损） and possible breakdowns （损坏）. Centrifuging A centrifuge consists of an electric motor drive to a vertical（竖向） shaft on the top of which is mounted the bowl assembly（分离筒组件）. An outer framework（机壳） surrounds the assembly and carries the various feed（供给） and discharge connections（接头）. The bowl can be a solid assembly（整体式） which retains（保留） the separated sludge（油渣） and operates non-continuously, or the bowl can be arranged so that the upper and lower parts separate（分开的） and the sludge can be discharged while the centrifuge operates continuously. The dirty oil is admitted into the centre of the bowl（分离筒） ,passes up through a stack（一叠） of discs（分离盘） and out through the top. The purifying process The centrifugal separation of two liquids, such as oil and water, results in the formation of a cylindrical interface (分界面） between the two. The position of this interface with the centrifuge is very important for correct operation. The setting or positioning of the interface is achieved by the use of dam ring（阻水环） or gravity disc（比重环） at the outlet of the centrifuge. Various diameter（直径） rings are av