Chapter 6 Thermochemistry Energy Flow and Chemical Chan.pptVIP

Chapter 6 Thermochemistry: Energy Flow and Chemical Change 6.1 Forms of Energy and Their Interconversion 6.2 Enthalpy: Heats of Reaction and Chemical Change 6.3 Calorimetry: Laboratory Measurement of Heats of Reaction 6.4 Stoichiometry of Thermochemical Equations 6.5 Hess’s Law of Heat Summation 6.6 Standard Heats of Reaction (DH0rxn) Thermochemistry:  Energy Flow and Chemical Change This unit looks at energy relationships in chemical reactions But what is Energy????? Energy: Capacity to do work or supply heat Water over a dam: May perform work by turning turbine Burning of propane, food, etc. Two Major Forms of Energy: Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy Kinetic Energy : Energy of Motion EK = 1/2 mv2 SI unit of energy = Joule 1 J = 1 kg*m2/s2 1 kJ = 1000 J Calculate the EK possessed by a 50. kg person on a bike traveling at 10. m/s (~ 36 km/hr or 22 m.p.h..) Answer: 2500 Joules or 2.5 kJ Units of Energy 1 calorie Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1gram of water by 1oC (more precisely, from 14.5 oC to 15.5 oC) 1 cal = 4.184 J 1 kcal = 1000 cal = 4.184 kJ 1 kcal = 1 Food Calorie = 1000 cal British Thermal Unit: 1 Btu = 1055 J Potential Energy, Ep: Stored Energy Ep is either in the object or due to the object’s position Ep is due to attractions and repulsions between objects or their parts Ep increases when repelling objects are forced together separating attracting objects Internal Energy, E Internal Energy, E the total energy of a system E(system) = EK (system) + EP (system) Examples of PE and KE changes... Temperature vs. Heat Heat A sum of the kinetic energy of all particles in the sample Number of particles a Amount of Heat Direction of Heat transfer Warmer object ? Cooler object Sitting by a window on a cold night Sleeping on the ground How a Thermos works Energy transfer from a warmer to a cooler object Temperature A measure of the average kinetic energy of the partic