Ch1_From 0 to 1.pptVIP

1-* 1.6.5 The Static Discipline（静态约束） Gates are grouped into logic families（逻辑系列） such that all gates in a logic family obey the static discipline when used with other gates in the family （逻辑门可以按照逻辑系列来区分，同一逻辑系列的所有门都遵循相同的静态约束） Logic gates in the same logic family snap together in that they use consistent power supply voltages and logic levels. （同一逻辑系列中的逻辑门组合在一起，使用相同的电源电压和逻辑电平） 1-* 1.6.5 The Static Discipline: Logic Families Logic Family VDD VIL VIH VOL VOH TTL 5 (4.75 - 5.25) 0.8 2.0 0.4 2.4 CMOS 5 (4.5 - 6) 1.35 3.15 0.33 3.84 LVTTL 3.3 (3 - 3.6) 0.8 2.0 0.4 2.4 LVCMOS 3.3 (3 - 3.6) 0.9 1.8 0.36 2.7 TTL：Transistor-Transistor Logic，晶体管-晶体管逻辑 CMOS：Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor，互补性金属-氧化物-半导体逻辑 LVTTL：Low Voltage TTL，低电压TTL LVCMOS： Low Voltage CMOS，低电压CMOS 1-* Homework of 1.6 Exercise 1.54, 1.55, 1.56, 1.57, 1.58, 1.59 1-* 1.7 How do We Build Logic Gates? Transistors! （晶体管） 1-* Transistor Basics Transistor is a three-ported voltage-controlled switch Two of the ports are connected depending on the voltage on the third port For example, in the switch below the two terminals (d and s) are connected (ON) only when the third terminal (g) is 1 1-* Silicon Transistors are built out of silicon, a semiconductor Silicon is not a conductor (no free charges) Doped silicon is a conductor (free charges) n-type (free negative charges, electrons) p-type (free positive charges, holes) 1-* Transistor Function 1-* CMOS Gates: NOT Gate A P1 N1 Y 0 ON OFF 1 1 OFF ON 0 1-* CMOS Gates: NAND Gate A B P1 P2 N1 N2 Y 0 0 ON ON OFF OFF 1 0 1 ON OFF OFF ON 1 1 0 OFF ON ON OFF 1 1 1 OFF OFF ON ON 0 1-* 1.8 Power Consumption（功耗） Energy consumption per unit time Two types of power consumption: Dynamic power consumption Static power consumption Pdynamic = ?CVDD2f Pstatic = IDDVDD 1-* “Taking the Two’s Complement” （求二进制补码） Reversing the sign of a two’s complement number Method(only for negative): Invert the bits of absolute value Add 1