中英文资料.doc

8 Fluorescent lamps Fluorescent lamps have now been commercially available for forty years and yet they are still the most widely used and most successful of all the discharge lamps. They have always been an efficient source of converting electrical energy into light, be with the ever-increasing cost of energy recent years have seen the introduction energy-saving fluorescent lamps which are even more efficient. Even so, they are still not fully accepted as a domestic light source except possibly in the kitchen and bathroom. Very recently, smaller lamps have been produced of many different shapes which will, it is hoped, have major applications in the home. 荧光灯已商用的四十年，但他们仍然是使用最广泛和最成功的所有的电灯。他们一直是一种高效转换成电能的光，与日益增加的能源成本近年来引进节能荧光灯更为有效。尽管如此，他们仍然没有完全接受作为国内光源，除了可能在厨房和浴室。最近，较小的灯已产生许多不同的形状，这是希望，主要应用在家庭。 Fig.8.1 Construction of a fluorescent lamp A standard lamp construction is as shown in Fig.8.1. It consists of a soda-lime glass tube with its inside coated with a fluorescent powder. Tungsten wire electrode coated with a thermionic emitter are sealed into each end and electrode shields are often placed around the electrodes, especially in the more highly loaded lamps, that reduce black marks forming at the ends of the tube due to evaporation of the emitter from the electrode which is thus deposited onto the shield. The shields also reduce flicker. The finished lamp is filled with an inert gas, such as argon, to a pressure of 200 Pa to 660 Pa（1.5 torr to 5 torr）. 一个标准是在fig.8.1灯建设。它包括一个钠钙玻璃管内涂有荧光粉。钨丝电极涂层热发射被密封在每个月底和电极屏蔽，往往是放置在电极，特别是在高负载的灯具，减少黑斑形成在管的两端由于蒸发的发射器的电极，从而沉积到盾。盾牌也减少闪烁。成品灯是一个充满惰性气体，如氩气，在压力200帕，660帕（1.5子，5子）。 A small droplet of mercury is introduced into the tube and it is this mercury which used in the discharge to create light. More recently, because mercury is poisonous other forms of mercury dosing have been used which also control more accurate the amount of mercury in each lamp. These include encapsulating controlled doses in glass or metal phials, w