Radiation Safety.pptVIP

Radiation Safety JGC CORPORATION Contents Definition of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation Ionizing Radiation Hazards Health Effects of Radiation Exposure Radiological Control Concept of ALARA Transportation and Storage Permit To Work Radiation Area Radiography Safety Procedure Incident and Injury Non-Ionizing Radiation A form of electromagnetic energy that does not have enough energy to ionize atoms. Ionizing Radiation Any electromagnetic or particle radiation capable of producing ions when it interacts with atoms and molecules. Ionizing Radiation Hazards Alpha — Alpha particles can be stopped completely by a sheet of paper. These particles are usually completely absorbed by the outer dead layer of the human skin and, so, alpha emitting radioisotopes are not a hazard outside the body. However, they can be very harmful if they are ingested or inhaled. Beta ---Beta particles travel appreciable distances in air, but can be reduced or stopped by a layer of clothing or by a few millimeters of a substance such as aluminum. Some beta particles are capable of penetrating the skin and causing radiation damage; however, as with alpha emitters, beta emitters are generally more hazardous when inhaled or ingested. Ionizing Radiation Hazards Gamma rays and X-rays are used as Non-Destructive Testing tools to check the quality of welding joints on CSPC LOP project. Gamma ---Gamma rays can easily pass completely through the human body or be absorbed by tissue, thus constituting a radiation hazard for the entire body. Several meters of concrete or a few centimeters of lead may be required to stop the more energetic gamma rays. X-rays ---X-rays and gamma rays have essentially the same properties, but differ in origin; I.e., X-rays are emitted from processes outside the nucleus, while gamma rays originate inside the nucleus. They are generally lower in energy and therefore less penetrating than gamma rays. A few millimeters of lead can stop medial X-rays. Health Eff