西南环境移民安置地的生态环境状况研究初报(精选).docVIP

文章编号：1008-181X（2000）03-0190-03 西南环境移民安置地的生态环境状况研究初报 苏以荣1，黄 宇1，王克林1，李文祥1，曾馥平1，李 玲1，蒙冠禧2，韦政社2 （1：中国科学院长沙农业现代化研究所，湖南 长沙 410125；2：广西环江县科环扶贫开发有限责任公司，广西 环江 547007） 摘要：以桂西北环江县肯福环境移民安置示范区为例，对我国西南喀斯特地区环境移民安置区的气候、地貌、土壤与植被等主要生态因子进行了调查研究和取样分析。研究表明，环境移民安置地由于地处亚热带季风气候区，具有气候温暖，雨量充沛，日照充足，且雨热同季的特点；地貌破碎，土地以坡地为主，但有一定量可开垦利用的土地；土壤主要为红壤，土壤剖面发育良好，土壤质地和结构尚可，有机质和氮含量相对丰富，但磷、钾缺乏，土壤酸度大；植被以先锋植物为主。 关键词：环境移民；气候；地貌；土壤；植被 中图分类号：X21 文献标识码：A Study on the Ecological and Environmental Conditions of Settlement of Environmental Immigrants in Southwest China SU Yi-rong1, HUANG Yu1, WANG Ke-lin1, LI Wen-xiang1, ZENG Fu-ping1, LI Ling1, MENG Guan-xi2, WEI Zheng-she2 1: Changsha Institute of Agricultural Modernization, Academia Sinica, Changsha 410125, China; 2: Huanjiang Aid-the-poor and Developmental Limited Company, Huanjiang, Guangxi 547007, China Abstract：Main ecological factors such as climate, landscape, soils and vegetation were investigated in the demonstration area of immigrant settlement in Kenfu, Huanjiang, Guangxi. The results showed that the area was characterized by warm climate, plenty rainfall, abundant sunshine, and rainy season which coincided with high temperature. The landscape was broken. Hillside fields were the main forms of land, and some of them was arable. Most of the soils were red soil. Soil profiles developed very well. The content of soil organic matter and nitrogen was abundant, but the contents of soil phosphorus and potassium were deficient. Acidity of soil is strong. The texture and structure of soils are fair. The pioneer plants were the predominant plants in this area. Key words：environmental immigrant; climate; landscape; soil; vegetation 环境移民被定义为由于环境退化和自然灾害，使得某一地区的环境容量无法支持过量的人口，为了免遭不幸或寻求较好的生活，一部分人被迫离开原居住地而移民异地[1]。我国西南喀斯特地区（包括黔、桂、滇三省），因开发不当，土地严重石质化，生态环境恶化，资源贫乏，经济十分落后。喀斯特地区洼地很少，可耕地不到土地总面积的10%，而裸露的石山却占土地总面积的40%以上，高的达90%。有限的耕地多为坡地，坡度较陡，25 以上的占60%~80%；土层浅薄，土中常有石芽裸露；由于碳酸盐岩裂隙、洞穴发育，大气降水60%以上渗漏于地下，地下水埋深一般又在50~100 m，因此缺水易旱的耕地占绝大部分。不仅如此，人的饮水亦缺乏，据估计西南喀斯特地区约有1000万人缺少饮用水。广西扶贫办最近调