心理学专业外语.ppt

心理学专业英语 English for Psychology Chapter five The cognitive approach to psychology The cognitive approach to psychology Origins and history Assumptions Methods of investigation Areas of explanation Practical applications Strengths Weaknesses ‘…cognition refers to all those processes by which sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered and used…cognition is involved in everything a human being might possibly do.’ Neisser(1966) ‘…cognition refers to all those processes by which sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered and used…cognition is involved in everything a human being might possibly do.’ Neisser(1966) Origins and history The cognitive approach began to revolutionise psychology in the late 1950s and early 1960s, to become the dominant paradigm in the subject by the 1970s. Interest in mental processes had been gradually resurrected through the work of people like Tolman and Piaget , but it was the arrival of the computer that gave cognitive psychology the terminology and metaphor it needed to ivestigate human minds. The cognitive approach began to revolutionise psychology in the late 1950s and early 1960s, to become the dominant paradigm in the subject by the 1970s. Interest in mental processes had been gradually resurrected through the work of people like Tolman and Piaget , but it was the arrival of the computer that gave cognitive psychology the terminology and metaphor it needed to investigate human minds. Origins and history Cognitive psychology compares the human mind to a computer, suggesting that we too are information processors and that it is possible and desirable to study the internal mental processes that lie between the stimuli we receive and the responses we make. Cognition means’knowing ’ and cognitive processes refer to the ways in which knowledge is gained, used and retained.Therefore, cognitive psychologists have studied perception, attention, memory, thinking, language, and