2.Lower limb 2.pptVIP

Gluteal Region and Back of Thigh and Leg 山东大学医学院 解剖教研室 李振华 Gluteal Region臀区 Gluteal region 臀区 境界 上界：髂嵴 下界：臀沟 外侧界：髂前上棘至股骨大转子之连线 内侧界：骶、尾骨的外侧缘 Gluteal region 臀区 Muscles of hip 髋肌 Posterior group Gluteus maximus 臀大肌 Gluteus medius 臀中肌 Gluteus minimus 臀小肌 Piriformis 梨状肌 Gemellus superior 上孖肌 Obturator internus 闭孔内肌 Gemellus inferior 下孖肌 Obturator externus 闭孔外肌 Quadratus femoris 股方肌 Muscles of hip 髋肌 Tensor fasciae latae 阔筋膜张肌 Gluteal region 臀区 Gluteal region 臀区 ★穿经梨状肌上孔的结构（从外向内） Superior gluteal n. 臀上神经 Superior gluteal a. 臀上动脉 Superior gluteal v. 臀上静脉 Gluteal region 臀区 ★穿经梨状肌下孔的结构（从外向内） Sciatic n. 坐骨神经 Posterior femoral cutaneous n. 股后皮神经 Inferior gluteal n. 臀下神经 Inferior gluteal a., v. 臀下动、静脉 Internal pudendal v., a. 阴部内动、静脉 Pudendal n. 阴部神经 ★穿经坐骨小孔的结构 Internal pudendal v., a. 阴部内动、静脉 Pudendal n. 阴部神经 Gluteal region 臀区 Anastomosis of arteries around hip joint 髋周围动脉网 Medial circumflex femoral a. 旋股内侧动脉 Lateral circumflex femoral a. 旋股外侧动脉 Superior gluteal a. 臀上动脉 Inferior gluteal a. 臀下动脉 First perforating a. 第一穿动脉 Back of Thigh Contents of the posterior osseofascial compartment of the thigh Muscles Biceps femoris 股二头肌 Semitendinosus 半腱肌 Semimembranosus 半膜肌 Blood supply Branches of the deep femoral artery Nerve supply Sciatic nerve 坐骨神经 Muscles of posterior region of thigh ★ Sciatic nerve 坐骨神经 行程 起于骶丛 经梨状肌下孔出盆 在臀大肌深面，坐骨结节与大转子之间进入股后区，行于股二头肌长头和大收肌之间 至腘窝上角处分为胫神经和腓总神经 支配 Semitendinosus 半腱肌 Semimembranosus 半膜肌 Biceps femoris 股二头肌 Hip and knee joints 髋关节和膝关节 Relationship of sciatic n. to the piriformis ★ Popliteal fossa 腘窝 境界 上外侧界：股二头肌 上内侧界：半腱肌和半膜肌 下内侧界：腓肠肌内侧头 下外侧界：腓肠肌外侧头 顶（浅面）：腘筋膜 底（自上而下）：股骨腘面、膝关节囊后部及腘斜韧带、腘肌及其筋膜 ★ Popliteal fossa 腘窝 内容（浅→深） Nerves Tibial nerve 胫神经 Common peroneal nerve 腓总神经 Popliteal vein and its tributaries 腘静脉及属支 Popliteal artery and its branches 腘动脉及分支 Deep popliteal lymph nodes 腘深淋巴结 Popliteal fossa 腘窝 Popliteal artery 腘动脉 行程 在收肌腱裂孔处续于股动脉 至腘肌下缘处分为胫前动脉和胫后动脉 分支 Medi