肋间外肌.pptVIP

Thorax The muscles of thorax Extrinsic muscles Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior Intrinsic muscles Intercostales externi 肋间外肌 Intercostales interni 肋间内肌 Intercostales intimi 肋间最内肌 Transverses thoracis 胸横肌 Intercostales externi Origin: lower border of riⅡ) Insertion: upper border of rib below origin Action: elevate ribs adding in forced inspiration Replaced anteriorly by external intercostals membrane. Intercostales interni Origin: upper border of rib Insertion: lower border of rib above origin Action: depress ribs for forced expiration Replaced posteriorly by internal intercostals membrane. Diaphragm膈 Shape and position: dome-shaped between thorax and abdomen, consists of a peripheral muscular part and a central tendon Origin Sternal part: xiphoid process Costal part: lower six and costal cartilages Lumbar part: arises by two crura from upper 2-3 lumbar vertebrae Insertion: central tendon Weak areas: triangular spaces without muscular tissue Lumbocostal triangle: between costal and lumbar parts. Sternocostal triangle: between costal and sternal parts. Openings in the diaphragm Aortic hiatus主动脉裂孔－lies anterior to the body of the 12th thoracic vertebra between the crura. It transmits the aorta, thoracic duct Esophageal hiatus 食管裂孔－for esophagus and vagus nerves at level of T10. Vena cava foramen 腔静脉孔－for inferior vena cava, through central tendon at T8 level Action: Contraction: the dome moving downward, increases the volume of thoracic cavity which results in inspiration, at the same time the intra-abdominal pressure is increased assists in defecation, vomiting or child birth. Relaxation: the dome returns to the former position, reduces the volume to the thoracic cavity, resulting in expiration. Arteries of thorax Pulmonary trunk Arises from right ventricle Runs up, back ,and to the left Bifurcates inferior to aortic arch into right and left pulmonary arteries, one for each lung Pulmonary arteries Right pulmonary arter