- GM Perspective on EV_HEV.pptVIP

* Advanced Propulsion Strategy Overview Hybrid ElectricVehicles (incl. Plug-In) 混合动力电动汽车 （包括可外接充电HEV） IC Engine TransmissionImprovements 内燃机和变速器改进 Hydrogen Fuel Cell 氢燃料电池电动汽车 Petroleum (Conventional Alternative Sources) 石油 (传统和替代来源) Gen 2 Bio Fuels (Ethanol, Bio-Diesel) 生物燃料 (乙醇，生物柴油) Hydrogen 氢 Electricity (Convent. Alternat. Sources) 电力(传统和替代来源) Battery Electric Vehicles (E-Flex) 动力电池电动汽车 (E-Flex) ImprovedVehicle Fuel Economy Emissions 车辆燃油经 济性和排放的 改善 Displaced Petroleum Reduced CO2 Emissions 替代石油和CO2减排 EnergyDiversity 能源多样化 Time 时间 In the foreseeable future, ICE, Hybrid EV propulsion concepts willco-exist. * Advanced Spark Ignition Engines 0 to 100km/h Acceleration (s) SI PFIBoosted SI PFI SI spark ignition PFI port fuel injection DI direct injection Increasing Performance Decreasing Performance 0 +1 +2 -1 -2 Relative Fuel Economy Benefit (Combined Drive Cycle) SI DI Boosted Better Decreasing Displacement 100% 90% 80% SI DI Boosted + Mild Hybrid ‘Downsizing’ is an effective Fuel Economy enabler…if properly executed (sized)…and is complementary to other technologies. Downsizing too much results in worse Fuel Economy. * Automatic Transmissions Wet DCT Planetary AT Automatic Transmissions will continue to play a key role in meeting future standards given its popularity in China. Lower overall efficiency, in comparison to Manual Transmissions, presents today fuel economy challenges. GM believes that the two following solutions will prevail in the foreseeable future (for use with ICEs): Enhanced Planetary ATs on up-market applications DCTs for small and compact vehicles(‘Wet’ for higher load applications; ‘Dry’ for low load applications) Dry DCT CVT MT AMT * Diesel Passenger Cars Diesel is a mature and promising option for reducing fuel consumption and CO2 emissions GM supports passenger car ‘Dieselization’ in China if fuelsupply and fuel quality (to support Euro 4 and above) aspects can be ensured China urban air quality may requ