第七章侵犯行为资料.ppt

第七章 侵 犯 行 为 第一节 侵犯行为概述 一、侵犯行为的定义及其分析 （一）侵犯行为的定义 所谓侵犯行为，是指有意伤害（心理或生理上）他人（他物）的任何行为。 Aggression: any behavior that is intended to in?ict harm (whether psychological or physical) on another organism or object. There are three crucial components of this definition: 1. Aggression is behavior. It is not the same as anger, an emotion that is often, but not always, associated with aggression. It is possible to be angry and not to act on those feelings. It is also possible to act aggressively without being angry. Aggression is not limited to actions directed toward living organisms. Aggression also can be directed toward inanimate objects. A person might smash the window of a neighbor’s car in retaliation for some real or imagined con?ict with that neighbor. 2. The behavior is intended, or purposeful. A person must have intended to harm in order for the act to be classi?ed as aggressive. If someone deliberately hits a neighbor with a baseball bat during an argument, it is considered aggressive. If the person accidentally hits the neighbor with a baseball bat while playing ball in the yard, it is not considered aggressive. 3. The behavior is aimed at hurting another person. Note, too, that the harm intended by an aggressive act need not be physical. A navy commander who continually sexually harasses a female subordinate, causing stress, anxiety, and depression, may not be doing her any overt physical harm; he is, however, causing her psychological harm. （二）侵犯行为的分类 1.根据动机的不同，可以分为报复性侵犯（hostile aggression）和工具性侵犯（instrumental aggression）。报复性侵犯的目的在于复仇、教训对方，给他人造成痛苦和不快。侵犯的目的就是要使对方遭到不幸。工具性侵犯的目的不是为了使对方身心健康受损害，而是把侵犯行为作为达到其他目的的手段（如强盗拦路抢劫）。 2.根据方式的不同，可以分为言语的侵犯与动作的侵犯。言语侵犯是使用语言、表情对他人进行的侵犯；动作侵犯是使用身体的一些部位以及利用武器对他人的侵犯。 3. Direct aggression and indirect aggression: Direct aggression is behavior aimed at hurting someone to his or her face, such as physical aggression (hitting, p