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Lesson 1 If it is desired to approximate the waveform by a mathematical expression ,such as a polynomial expansion ,a Taylor series , or a Fourier series may be used . 如果希望通过数学表达式得到近似的波形，可以使用多项式、泰勒级数以及傅里叶级数。 By similar arguments ,if f(t) is odd the A coefficients must be zero and we are left with a since series .It is intuitively clear an even function can only be built up from a number of other functions which are themselves even ,and vice versa .同理，如果f(t)是奇函数，那么系数A必为零，级数中只有正弦项。直观上很明显，偶函数只能由其他的偶函数构成，反之，奇函数也一样。 As the time origin of a waveform is shifted ,the various since and cosine coefficients of its Fourier series will change ,but the sum of the squares of any two coefficients An and Bn will remain constant ,which means that the average power of the waveform ,a concept familiar to electrical engineers ,is unaltered .随着波形时间原点的改变，傅里叶级数的正弦和余弦系数也将改变，但是任何两个系数An和Bn的平方和仍然是常量，也就是电子工程师非常熟悉的波形平均功率是不变的。 Lesson 2 It has already been seen(section 1.4.2) that the Fourier series of a periodic signal may be expressed in two ways: either as a set of sine and cosine waves of appropriate amplitude and frequency,or as a set of waves of sinusoidal from which are defined by their amplitudes and relative phase angels. 我们已经知道(第1.4.2节)，一个周期信号的傅里叶级数有两种表达方式：或者表达为适当振幅和频率的一组正弦和余弦波，或者表达为由振幅和相关相位角所定义的一组正弦曲线形式的波。 It is indeed hard to visualize a wave such as an isolated pulse being composed of an infinite set of waves of infinitely small amplitudes,or the energy of such a waveform being continuously distributed in the frequency domain.的确很难想像像这些单个脉冲是由无限个无穷小振幅的波组成，这样一个波形的能量在频域中是连续分布的. Conversely,if the pulse is made extremely short,higher frequencies are increasingly represented in its spectrum,and in the limiting case of an infinitely narrow pulse the spectrum becomes flat and extends throughout the frequency band. These results are shown in Figure 2.2,and underline the important principle that a waveform which is very time-limited will occupy a wide band of frequencies, and vice versa.