chpt1.1-1.8.pptVIP

Glacier@Himilays  * 1.1 Circuit and its model 1. Circuit：provide a path for current or energy to flow from one point to another Circuit mainly consists of sources, loads, lines, switches and so on. 2. circuit model 1). Ideal circuit element：abstracted from real element whose u- i relation can be strictly expressed by simple mathematical expression。 2). Circuit Model：consists of ideal circuit elements，and has almost the same electromagnetic characteristics as the real circuit voltage, current, charge, flux, potential, etc. 1). current：the regular motion of charges creates current Electric current is the time rate of change of the charge, measured in amperes(A). Unit：A (安) (Ampere，安培；1775--1836，France) 3. Electric circuit variables 2). voltage：Voltage(or potential difference) is the energy required to move a unit charge through an element. Unit：V (伏) (Volt，伏特；1745--1827，Italian) A B 3). potential：Voltage drop from a point in the electric field to the reference point. The potential of the reference point is zero. Symbol: ? (or U） Unit: V(伏) a b c d The reference point is C， ? c =0 ? a =Uac， ? b =Ubc， ? d =Udc Conclusion：Voltage across two points in the circuits is equal to the difference of their potentials. 4). eletromotive force： Unit: V (伏) B A UAB, voltage drop， eBA, voltage rise， 1. Reference direction The real direction of the current in the wire(or element) has two possibilities: ? Real direction Real direction ? Reference direction：either direction can be chosen as reference direction i reference direction A B 1.2 Reference directions of voltage and current Two methods to express the reference direction of the current: ? Arrow：the direction of the arrowhead is the reference direction ? Double subscript： such as iAB , the reference direction is from A to B. i reference direction i reference direction i 0 i 0 Real direction Real direction Relation between the real direction and