7th新闻热点第七讲.pptVIP

English Broadcasting Unit 7th Definition of Human Rights Human rights refer to the basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled. Examples of rights and freedoms which have come to be commonly thought of as human rights include civil and political rights, such as the right to life and liberty, freedom of expression, and equality before the law; and social, cultural and economic rights, including the right to participate in culture, the right to food, the right to work, and the right to education. Citation from the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.” History The earliest sign of human rights has been found on the Cyrus Cylinder(古列的圆柱,记载了古列推翻巴比伦以及拯救犹太人的经过。) written during the reign of Cyrus the Great(居鲁士大帝:公元前590—529年) of Persia/Iran. The history of human rights covers thousands of years and draws upon religious, cultural, philosophical and legal developments throughout recorded history. International norms The Geneva Conventions came into being between 1864 and 1949 as a result of efforts by Henry Dunant(亨利?杜南), the founder of the International Committee of the Red Cross. The conventions safeguard the human rights of individuals involved in armed conflict, and build on the 1899 and 1907 Hague Conventions. The conventions were revised as a result of World War II and readopted by the international community in 1949. The Geneva Conventions define what is today referred to as humanitarian law. The International Committee of the Red Cross is the controlling body of the Geneva conventions. International norms The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a non-binding declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, partly in response to the atrocities(暴行) of World War II. Although the UDHR is a non-binding resolution, it is now considered to be