Current trend in materials development for Li-ion batteries.pptVIP

Current trends in materials development for Li-ion batteries Ganesan Nagasubramanian Sandia National Laboratories 2546 Advanced Power Sources RD Dept. Presented at Workshop on Batteries Indiana University November 13, 2009 Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company for the United States Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. * * Li-ion Technology: where are we today Although tremendous progress has been made over the last couple of decades state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries still lack: Safety thermal abuse tolerance Energy Cell Capacity has been increased to over 3 Ahrs in 18650 cells but the operating cell voltage remains low (for a PHEV application) Power Significant advancement has been made but lacks low temperature power performance Life (15 years) Remains a long shot Operating temperature (-55 to 80oC) Performance outside of -20 to 55oC range needs improvement and Low cost This also remains a long term goal * * Sources of Thermal Instability The three main battery components (anode, cathode, electrolyte etc) all jointly contribute to thermal instability. Additionally, the cell voltage exasperates the thermal instability problems. In the next VU graph thermal runaway cathode comparison is given. * * Improved Cathode Stability Results in Increased Thermal Runaway Temperature And Reduced Peak Heating Rate for Full Cell Decreased Cathode Reactions Associated with Decreasing Oxygen Release EC:PC:DMC 1.2M LiPF6 Thermal Runaway Cathode Comparisons Courtesy of Dr. Roth (Sandia) * * Potential path forward to overcoming the constraints Replacement of carbon materials with Nano-particulate metal, semi-metal, intermetallic or conversion based anodes to increase capacity (both specific and volumetric) Exploitation of high potential materials (4.5 V) to increase energy and power High-capacity composite cathode structures with (layered) /high-p