古代行草书中“字组”现象的研究论文.docVIP

摘  要  “字组”是古代行草书中特有的节奏形式，是行草书章法行气的重要特征，它随着 行草书体的出现而逐渐形成，是行草书尤其是今草成熟的重要标志。魏晋六朝是中国书 法史上行草书的成熟期，而其中的“字组”现象具有鲜明的时代特征，并日益成为行草 书体最高艺术范式的表征且被后世广泛接受。中古以来，随着生活方式的变化，书写方 式、笔法随之发生变化，“字组”现象被一些崇尚魏晋恪守经典的书家所继承，但迟至 晚明，行草浪漫书风之流行，审美习惯发生丕变，“字组”现象形成的内在法则丧失而 仅仅作为二王帖学外在的典型特征被机械模仿，以“字组”为主要特征的行草书创作遂 陷入僵化。 近年来，随着二王帖学的又一次振兴，字组现象作为二王尺牍书法的重要形式特征， 对其成因之研究也日益为学者所关注。“字组”现象的本质乃是在行草书创作中由于用 “腕”而对书写节奏产生制约作用所致，并非如有些学者所指出的缘于习熟词语或者在 创作意识中出于整体构图的需要而对书写节奏实施的主观控制。本文是从书法本体角度 探讨古代行草书美学特征之尝试，文章系统阐释了字组的产生及其意义，深入探讨了字 组的特征及成因，还涉及了后世对字组现象的继承和变异。笔者的写作目的旨在期望能 对这一课题的研究做一些有益的补充，为广大行草书学习者指明一个值得思考的方向和 角度，从而对行草书的实践起到一些借鉴和启示的作用。 关 键 词：行草书，字组，特征，流变 I Abstract Word group is a peculiar rhythm form of ancient Xingcao calligraphy, the important feature of ZhangFaHang gas. It emerges with the appearance of Xingcao calligraphy, and gradually formed, which is an important symbol of maturity of Xingcao calligraphy, esp. modern Cao calligraphy. It has distinct features of times of Six Dynasties, when Xingcao calligraphy gains its full development. Moreover, it increasingly became representation of supreme art paradigm of Xingcao calligraphy and was widely accepted. However, writing pattern and calligraphy changed with life style in medieval times. word group phenomenon was advocated only by calligraphers scrupulously abiding by classics. What’s worse, when great changes happened in aesthetic appreciation in late Ming Dynasty so much so that romantic style of Xingcao calligraphy was in fashion, the inner principle of formation of word group was lost. Instead, it was merely emulated as the main character of two Wangs’ calligraphy. Consequently, Xingcao calligraphy creation was caught into rigidity, which was characterized by word group”. Recent years witness renaissance of two Wang calligraphy and word group phenomenon, as the main character of two Wang’s letter writing, became increasingly concerned by scholars