1architecture.ppt

现代密码学理论与实践之五 并行计算系统体系结构概述 Xuanhua Shi Service Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab 目录 并行计算机系统及结构模型 当代并行机系统 并行计算性能评测 1 并行计算机系统及结构模型 1.1 并行计算需求 1.2 并行计算机系统互连 1.2.1 系统互连 1.2.2 静态互联网络 1.2.3 动态互连网络 1.2.4 标准互联网络 1.3 并行计算机系统结构 1.3.1 并行计算机结构模型 1.3.2 并行计算机访存模型 Drivers of Parallel Computing Application Needs: Our insatiable need for computing cycles Scientific computing: CFD, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, ... General-purpose computing: Video, Graphics, CAD, Databases, TP... Internet applications: Search, e-Commerce ... Technology Trends Scientific Computing Demand Ever increasing demand due to need for more accuracy, higher-level modeling and knowledge, and analysis of exploding amounts of data Example area: Climate and Ecological Modeling goals Simply resolution, simulated time, and improved physics leads to increased requirement by factors of 104 to 107. Then … Reliable global warming, natural disaster and weather prediction Predictive models of rainforest destruction, forest sustainability, effects of climate change on ecoystems and on foodwebs, global health trends Verifiable global ecosystem and epidemic models Integration of macro-effects with localized and then micro-effects Predictive effects of human activities on earth’s life support systems Understanding earth’s life support systems Engineering Computing Demand Large parallel machines a mainstay in many industries Petroleum reservoir analysis Automotive crash simulation, drag analysis, combustion efficiency , Aeronautics airflow analysis, engine efficiency, structural mechanics, electromagnetism , Computer-aided design Pharmaceuticals molecular modeling Visualization in all of the above entertainment movies , architecture walk-throughs, rendering Financial modeling yield and derivative analysis etc. Commercial Computing Also relies on parallelism for high end Scale not so large, but use much more wide-spread Computational power determines scale of business that can be h