3D Computer Graphics in a Nutshell.pptVIP

3D Computer Graphics in a Nutshell Guillaume Caumon, January 2002 Introduction Computer graphics is concerned with all the aspects of “drawing” on computers Performance is critical 3D Computer Graphics deals with the generation images from 3D objects. The Rendering Pipeline Application Geometry Geometry : Transforms Geometry: lighting and shading Geometry: A Lightning Equation Geometry: Shading Geometry: Projection Geometry: Clipping Geometry: Device Coordinates Rasterization Graphics Hardware Graphics Hardware (II) Conclusion References and further reading Foley, van Dam, Feiner, Hughes, Computer Graphics Principle and practice, 2nd edition. Addisson Wesley, 1997 Moller, Haines, Real-Time Rendering. AK Peters, 1999 () The Graphic Gems series, Academic Press. Neider, Davis, Woo, OpenGL Programming Guide. Addisson Wesley, 1993 Wernecke, The Inventor Mentor, release 2, Addisson Wesley,1994 Schroeder, Martin, Lorensen, The Visualization Toolkit, 2nd edition. Prenctice Hall, 1998 Proceedings of Siggraph, Visualization, Eurographics, etc. * * Application Geometry Rasterization Pipeline = Linear succession of operations Rendering speed = speed of the slowest step (bottleneck) Software-based processing / modifications 3D Model Rendering primitives meshing decimation animation collision detection … Transforms Lightning Projection Clipping Model Coordinates World Coordinates Model Transform Scaling, etc. View Transform Viewing Coordinates Simulate interaction of light with matter: - Emission - Absorption - Reflection N L α β IR(l) ν : r, g or b Ambient light coefficient Ex: (.1, .1, .1) Material color Ex: (1, 0, 0) Shininess (s 1) Specular Coeficient Ex: (1, 1, 1) Flat shading: each triangle has the same color Gouraud shading: colors are interpolated between vertices Phong shading: normal are interpolated and colors computed for each pixel Virtual Device Coordinates Viewing Coordinates normalization Perspective/ parallel My Window Unit Cube Per-pixel operations: ra