unit5 Methodologies for Conceptual Design.pptVIP

Unit 5 Methodologies for Conceptual Design 本單元目的 提出 refinement primitives 用來將一初始之 schema 轉為結果所需之 schema. Schema transformation- 以漸進修改方式找 schema Primitive transformation 用難以再簡化的動作單元做轉換工作 Outline Primitives for Conceptual Design Top-Down Primitives Bottom-up Primitives Strategies for Schema Design Top-down Strategy Bottom-up Strategy Inside-out Strategy The Mixed Strategy Criteria for Choosing among Concepts Inputs, Outputs, and Activities of Conceptual Design Schema Transformation From starting schema transforming into resulting schema. 在 starting schema 中使用的名稱, 在觀念上要對應至 resulting schema. 例: PLACE 轉為 CITY, IN, STATE 在 resulting schema 中的邏輯關係 (包括 entities, relationship…)必須由 starting schema 繼承而來. 例: PERSON 和 PLACE 之間的關係保持到 resulting schema. An Example of Schema Transformation Top-Down Primitives Top-Down Primitives Examples of Top-Down Primitives Example of Top-Down Primitives Example of Top-Down Primitives A Complex Top-Down Schema Transformation Bottom-up primitives Example of Bottom-Up Primitives Example of Bottom-Up Primitives Strategies for Schema Design Top-down Strategy 適用於高度結構化的公司 Bottom-up Strategy 適用在較非正式或結構較鬆散的公司組織 Inside-out Strategy The Mixed Strategy 較具彈性 適合在多人分工設計的大型系統 Top-Down Strategy 在一開始就把全部的概念抓住, 表現在 starting schema, 然後慢慢分解其細節. 整個 application domain 在各分析階段皆保持相同. 適用在一開始即能全盤掌握系統需求者, 對大系統而言幾乎不可能. Using Top-Down Strategy Using Top-Down Strategy Bottom-Up Strategy 從 application domain 中先找出基本概念之元素(如所有的 attributes), 然後逐漸整合為其他較複雜的概念 (例如建立 entities), 然後形成 final schema. 優點---把各抽像概念逐一加入, 一一擊破. 缺點---對於已存在的概念片段要打散重組時相當難. Using Bottom-Up Strategy Using Bottom-Up Strategy Exercise 2 Study the following data requirements for a reservation database and produce a conceptual schema for this application domain.You may need to make certain assumptions about the application requirements; make reasonable assumptions as you proceed. The reservation database stores data about flights and passenger reservations. For each flight, we know the departure and arri