int-eco 07.pptVIP

Heckscher-Ohlin theory can be presented in the form of two theorems: H-O 理论有两个部分内容： H-O theorem（H-O定理）: the pattern of trade factor-price equalization theorem（要素价格均等定理）: the effect of international trade on factor prices H-O theory Heckscher-Ohlin theory 赫克歇尔-俄林定理 A nation will export the commodity whose production requires the intensive use of the nation’s relatively abundant and cheap factor and import the commodity whose production requires the intensive use of the nation’s relatively scarce and expensive factor. 一国应当出口该国相对丰裕和便宜的要素密集型的商品，进口该国相对稀缺和昂贵的要素密集型的商品。 Illustration of the Heckscher-Ohlin Theory Note: This pattern of specialization in production and trade and consumption will remain the same 这种生产分工、贸易与消费的模式将保持不变，除非商品和要素市场的供求状况发生变化。 H-O theory does not require identical tastes 赫-俄理论并不要求两国需求偏好相同 The Factor-Price Equalization Theory International trade will bring about equalization in the relative and absolute returns to homogeneous factors across nations. 国际贸易会使各国同质要素获得相同的收入。 Illustration of the Factor-Price Equalization Theorem Nation A: Absolute Factor-Price Equalization Free international trade also equalizes the real wages for the same type of labor in the two nations and the real rate of interest for the same type of capital in the two nations. 自由贸易会使两国同类型的L的实际工资绝对量相等，同类型的K的实际利率绝对量也相等。 Trade acts as a substitute for the international mobility of factors of production in its effect on factor prices. 贸易对要素价格的影响效果等同于要素本身在国际间的流动。 当要素不能在国际间自由流动时，各国对要素的供求反映在用相应要素生产的商品上。通过商品的贸易，要素隐含在商品中流动。 即商品贸易替代了要素在国际间的流动，最终的结果仍然是会使国际间同种要素价格趋于均等。 * * Distribution of ownership Of factors of production 生产要素的分配 Tastes 偏好 Demand for final commodities 商品的最终需求 Derived demand for factors 要素的派生需求 Factor prices 要素价格 Supply of factors 要素供给 Commodity prices 商品价格 Technology 技术 X↑, X is labor intensive Y↓, Y is capital intensive Need more L, less K Release less L, more K D of L ↑↑, S of L ↑ D of K ↑, S of K ↑↑ Excess demand in L Excess supply in K ↑ ↑