General_Introduction_of_American_Literary_History.pptVIP

General Introduction of American Literary History (美国文学史概述) Brief Outline of American Literature Chapter I Colonial Period Chapter II Revolutionary PeriodBenjamin FranklinPhilip Freneau Chapter III American RomanticismWashington IrvingJames Fenimore CooperWilliam Cullen BryantEdgar Allan PoeNathaniel Hawthorne The Foundation of English Colonies in North America（1607--1733） Since most critics hold that American literature did not begin until the 19th century, it is appropriate to discuss the early period of American literature in a very brief summary. The new continent was discovered in the fifteenth-century, but the first English settlement was established in 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia. In 1620 the austere Pilgrims stepped on the New England shore at Plymouth by “Mayflower”. During the next 150 years, the English gradually established thirteen colonies in the New World. 英属北美殖民地的建立 ?北美洲原始居民为印第安人。16-18世纪，正在进行资本原始积累的西欧各国相继入侵北美洲。 法国人建立了新法兰西(包括圣劳伦斯流域下游，密西西比河流域等)；西班牙人建立了新西班牙(包括墨西哥和美国西南部广大地区)。 1607年，英国建立了第1个殖民据点—詹姆士城，此后在大西洋沿岸陆续建立了13个殖民地。 移民中有逃避战祸和宗教迫害者，有 “契约奴”、乞丐、罪犯；还有被贩运来的非洲黑人。 “五月花”号(Mayflower) ? 以第一艘运载英国移民驶往北美建立普利茅斯殖民地的船只和在该船上制定《“五月花”号公约》而闻名。载重约180吨，长90英尺。 分离派(separatists)是英国清教中最激进的一派，由于受英国国教的残酷迫害，1608年8月前往荷兰。一部分教徒决定迁居北美，并与弗吉尼亚公司签订移民合同。1620年9月，在牧师布莱斯特率领下l02人乘“五月花”号前往北美。11月21日，到达科德角，于圣诞节后第一天在普利茅斯地方上岸。登陆前，由分离派领袖主持制定《“五月花”号公约》。其内容为：组织公民团体；拟定公正的法律、法令、规章和条例。此公约奠定了新英格兰诸州自治政府的基础。 The Ship of Mayflower Colonial Period (1607-1775) Literature of Colonial Period 殖民地时期的文学 Early colonial American writing reveals the beginning of an exploration for a new identity. While exploring the wilderness, the immigrants also developed an attitude being called the frontier spirit characterized by individualism, self-reliance, independence and an optimistic faith in the future. Indian Culture The Indians created their own literature in their struggle with the nature. It was mainly oral literature including folktales, songs, sacred stories, and narrative accounts of gods an