讲稿7. 激子-类别、能量传递.pptVIP

* Excitons – Types, Energy Transfer ?Wannier exciton ?Charge-transfer exciton ?Frenkel exciton ?Exciton Diffusion ?Exciton Energy Transfer (F?rster, Dexter) Handout (for Recitation Discusssion): J.-S. Yang and T.M. Swager, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 5321 (1998) Q. Zhou and T.M. Swager, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 12593 (1995) @ MIT February 27, 2003 – Organic Optoelectronics - Lecture 7 Exciton In some applications it is useful to consider electronic excitation as if a quasi-principle, capable of migrating, were involved. This is termed as exciton. In organic materials two models are used: the band or wave model (low temperature, high crystalline order) and the hopping model (higher temperature, low crystalline order or amorphous state). Energy transfer in the hopping limit is identical with energy migration. Caption from IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology compiled by Alan D. McNaught and Andrew Wilkinson (Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK). Wannier exciton (typical of inorganic semiconductors) Frenkel exciton (typical of organic materials) Excitons (bound electron-hole pairs) SEMICONDUCTOR PICTURE MOLECULAR PICTURE treat excitons as chargeless particles capable of diffusion, also view them as excited states of the molecule GROUND STATE WANNIER EXCITON GROUND STATE FRENKEL EXCITON binding energy ~10meV radius ~100? binding energy ~1eV radius ~10? Electronic Processes in Organic Crystals and Polymers by M. Pope and C.E. Swenberg Charge Transfer (CT) Exciton (typical of organic materials) Wannier-Mott Excitons Columbic interaction between the hole and the electron is given by EEX = -e2/∈r The exciton energy is then E = EION – EEX/n2 , n = 1,2, … EION – energy required to ionize the molecule n – exciton energy level EEX = 13.6 eV μ/m∈ μ– reduced mass =memh / (me+mh) n = ∞ ---------- Adapted from Electronic Processes in Organic Crystals and Polymers by M. Pope and C.E. Swenberg An Example of Wannier-Mott Excitons exciton progres