非谓语动词复习纲要(三)——不定式.docVIP

非谓语动词复习纲要（三）——不定式 【基本概念】 不定式是动词的非谓语形式之一，具有名词、形容词、副词的性质，在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。 使用不定式时，大多数情况下要带有不定式的符号“to”，少数情况不用“to”。 1.不定式做主语。 不定式做主语时，通常使用形式主语。而将做主语的不定式放在句子的后面。 I think it would be a good idea to have comments from secretaries and typists who are already using it. (P.25, Senior Book3) How long will it take you to complete the trip? (P.9, Senior Book2B) 2.不定式做宾语。 I have decided to take a lot of cabbage in vinegar.( P.7, Senior Book3) Agriculture first started about 10,000years ago, when people began to grow crops in the river valleys of the Nile in Egypt, in the Middle East and in India. （P.20, Senior Book3） 不定式做宾语时也有使用形式宾语的问题，但必须同时具备两个条件：①有宾语补足语。②宾语是动词不定式短语或宾语从句。 The dusty air makes it difficult to get a clear picture of space. (P.10, Senior Book2B) 以上句子中，it为形式宾语；difficult为宾语补足语；不定式短语to get a clear picture of space是真宾语。 3.不定式做表语 It has been proved that the way to produce the most food is to let farmers grow crops either to feed their family or to sell. (P. 22, Senior Book3) A better method is to take waste far out to sea in ships where the wind and waves break it down. (P.32. Senior Book3) 4.不定式做定语 …but it is thought that 500 million people in the world do not have enough to eat, that is about one in ten. (P.20, Senior Book3) Farmers have the right to sell their crops to the EU. (P.22, Senior Book3) 5.不定式做状语 Third, a lot of irrigated land has become too salty to grow plants. (P. 20, Senior Book3) 本句中的to grow plants是has become too salty的结果状语。 Various things can be done to increase the food supply in the world. )P.20, Senior Boo9k3) to increase the food supply in the world是目的状语。 不定式表示目的极为常见。有时为了强调目的,可以用in order to或so as to ；有时将不定式短语置于句首也是表示目的常见用法。 Cook went up and down the river in order to chart all the dangerous rock. (P.8, Senior Book3) The lion looked at her as she swung the pork in her hand so as to attract the lion’s attention. (P.69, Senior Book2A) To become a top gymnast, it is important to start when very young. (P.50, Senior Book3) To do that, it m