长江云阳段水质调查与评价.docVIP

长江云阳段水质调查与评价 　　【摘 要】于2013年5月至2014年4月对长江云阳段水体的水温、pH值、溶解氧、高锰酸钾指数、氨氮和总磷共6项水质指标进行监测，依据《地表水环境质量标准（GB 3838-2002）》，选取溶解氧、高锰酸钾指数、氨氮和总磷作为水质参数，采用水质标识指数法进行综合水质评价。单因子水质标识指数评价结果表明，总磷为长江云阳段水体主要的水质污染指标，全年超标率为66.7%；溶解氧、氨氮和高锰酸钾指数全年达到Ⅱ类水质标准。综合水质标识指数评价结果表明，长江云阳段水质较稳定，综合水质全年为Ⅱ类，达到水环境功能区目标；平水期、枯水期水质总体优于丰水期。 　　【关键词】长江云阳段；单因子水质标识指数；综合水质标识指数；水质评价 　　【Abstract】Six water quality indicators， including water temperature， pH， dissolved oxygen， CODMn， ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus， were monitored in the Yunyang section of Yangtze River from May 2013 to April 2014. Selecting dissolved oxygen， CODMn， ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus as water quality parameters， the method of water quality identification index was used to assess the water quality status on the basis of environmental quality standards for surface water（GB 3838-2002）. The assessment results of single factor water quality identification index showed that total phosphorus was the main water pollution indicator and the rate that exceeded the national standard Ⅱ was 66.7%， while dissolved oxygen， CODMn and ammonia nitrogen reached the water quality standard of Ⅱ type water throughout the year. The assessment results of comprehensive water quality identification index showed that the water quality state of this water area was stable， the water quality throughout the year was Grade Ⅱ， which achieved the goal of water environmental function， and the water quality of common and low water period was generally better than wet water period. 　　【Key words】The Yunyang section of Yangtze River； Single factor water quality identification index； Comprehensive water quality identification index； Water quality assessment 　　作为中国水量最丰富的河流，长江不仅为流域居民提供生活饮用水，还为流域及周边地区的经济发展发挥着农业灌溉、水力发电、航运等作用，其水质情况与流域及周边地区的居民健康和社会经济发展密切相关。长江上游末端的云阳段横贯重庆市云阳县，全长68.1km，总流域面积1.34×104km2，最高洪水位128.99m，最低枯水位82.86m，水位变幅46.13m，平均径流量4156.44m3[1]，是重要的饮用水源地，水质执行《地表水环境质量标准（GB 3838-2002）》Ⅱ类水质标准。三峡工程蓄水后，库区内的垃圾、污水、粪便等污染物排泄缺乏有效管理，且江水上涨、水流变缓、水体自净能力变差，这些因素势必影响到该段及下游地区的水环境质量。