培训课件--nutrition.pptVIP

* 随着血中甘油三酯的减少，又不断地集聚血中胆固醇，最终形成了LDL。 血流中的LDL一方面满足机体对各种脂类的需要，另一方面可被细胞中的LDL受体结合进入细胞，适当调节血中胆固醇的浓度。 体内还可合成HDL，可将体内的胆固醇、磷脂运回肝脏进行代谢，起到有益的保护作用。 * * The dietary carbohydrate family includes the simple carbohydrates the sugars and the complex carbohydrates the starches and fibers . The simple carbohydrates are those that chemists describe as: Monosaccharides-single sugars Disaccharides-sugars composed of pairs of monosaccharides the complex carbohydrates are: polysaccharides-large molecules composed of chains of monosaccharides. * 有两分子单糖缩合而成。乳糖是哺乳类动物的乳汁中的主要糖。麦芽糖， 由两分子的葡萄糖以 a-1,4 糖苷键链接而成，长来源于淀粉。 * Polysaccharides: compounds composed of many monosaccharides linked together * * * * * * * * * * A. 表观消化率（apparent digestibility） * * * * * * * * * * Lysine to prevent or relieve the infections that cause herpes cold sores on the mouth or genital organs, and trytophan to relieve pain, depression, and insomnia. * * * * * * 4.脂肪组织来源的因子参与机体的代谢，免疫，生长发育生理过程。 * 食物脂肪由胃进入十二指肠时可刺激十二指肠产生肠抑胃素，使胃蠕动受抑制，造成食物由胃进入十二指肠的速度缓慢，所需时间越长。 * ?????: ?? , ???? ?? :????? n * Given this 18-carbon fatty acid, the body can make small amounts of the 20- and 22- carbon members of the omega-3 series, Eicosapentaenoic acid EPA and docosahexaenoic acid DHA . These omega-3 fatty acids are essential for normal growth and development, especially in the eyes and brain. They may also play an impottant role in the prevention and treatment of heart disease. * 在体内必须脂肪酸参与磷脂的合成，并以磷脂的形式出现在线粒体膜和细胞膜中。因此，必需脂肪酸对膜结构特别重要。他们也是脑和神经组织内脂肪的重要组成成分。 eicosanoids The body uses arachidonic acid and EPA to make sustances known as eicosanoids; biologically active compounds that help to requlate blood pressure, blood clotting, and other body function. They include prostaglandings, thromboxanes, leukotrienes * ????---???; ???----??????; ?????----?????????? * 脂类的消化、吸收及转运 主要消化场所是小肠，在脂肪酶作用下水解生成游离脂肪酸和甘油单酯。甘油、短链和中链脂肪酸由小肠细胞吸收直接入血，甘油单酯和长链脂肪酸吸收后在小肠细胞中重新合成甘油三酯，并和磷脂、胆固醇和蛋白质形成乳糜微粒 chylomicron,CM ，由淋巴系统进入血循环。血中的乳糜微粒是食物脂肪的主要运输形式，最终被肝脏吸收。 肝脏将来自食物中的脂肪和内