四川和黄淮生态区小麦品种（系）主要产量性状比较.docVIP

四川和黄淮生态区小麦品种（系）主要产量性状比较 　　摘要：采用来自四川和河南两地区的主栽小麦（Triticum aestivum Linn.）品种和2012年两地部分区试小麦品系共27个材料，在河南辉县地区种植，随机区组法2次重复，生长期间和收获后调查产量结构性状，研究南方和北方生态区小麦品种产量构成的差异。比较分析结果表明：①四川品种在北方种植，其产量明显低于北方品种;②四川品种的穗粒数高于北方品种，但穗数和粒重低于北方品种;③北方的多穗型品种在北方生态区种植易获得高产，大穗型品种在产量结构合理的条件下也能获得较高产量;④单位面积穗数是北方冬麦区构成小麦产量的第一因素;⑤大穗型品种播量对单位面积穗数调节效果不明显。上述结果说明，不同类型生态区小麦最佳产量结构差异较大，北方品种高产主导因素是单位面积穗数，南方品种优势倾向于穗粒数。 　　关键词：小麦（Triticum aestivum Linn.）;南方品种;北方品种;产量结构;多穗型;大穗型 　　中图分类号：S512.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2014）20-4817-04 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2014.20.012 　　Comparison of Main Yield Traits of Wheat Varieties （Lines） from the Ecological Zone of Sichuan and Huang Huai Ecotope 　　FU Qing-yun，YANG Jin-hua，YANG Jing 　　（Henan Institute of Science and Technology ， School of Life Science and Technology， Xinxiang 453003， Henan，China） 　　Abstract： To study the differences of wheat yield components between the ecology districts of the North and the South， the yield traits were analyzed with a total of 27 wheat varieties（lines） collected from Sichuan and Henan provinces， planted in Hui county of Henan province with randomized block design of 2 repeats. The results showed that the yield of Southern wheat varieties was significantly lower than that of northern varieties when planted in North area. The numbers of grain per ear of South varieties was more than that of North varieties. The ears per plant and grain weight was significantly lower than that of northern varieties. Multi-ears type of varieties was suitable for cultivation in northern region. The large ear type of varieties were productive in a reasonable yield components. The number of ears per unit area was the most important factor of the yield in northern region. The effect of number of ear per unit area was not obvious， by means of seeding rate for the large ear type. It is indicated that there were obvious differences of yield components different types of wheat ecological zones. The dominant factor of the northern species was the numbe