有机化学英文命名资料.ppt

2.5 Nomenclature of Alkanes in Chinese Common nomenclature: Names of Small HydrocarbonsGreek numbers-ane Alkyl Groups Alkyl group – remove one H from an alkane a part of a structure General abbreviation “R” Name: replace -ane ending of alkane with -yl ending See Eng. P. 44 and 45 for lists Types of Alkyl groups Classified by the connection site a carbon at the end of a chain primary alkyl group a carbon in the middle of a chain secondary alkyl group a carbon with three carbons attached to it tertiary alkyl group Step1 Find the parent hydrocarbon 4-Ethyl-3,5-dimethyloctane 4. Before the parent name, list the position of double bond 2. Naming by the E, Z system Reading text:key pointfrom P 81, 3.4 till P.83 practice problem 3.310 min Rules for the nomenclature of some organic compounds 1. Long chain alkanes 2. Cycloalkanes 3.Aromatic rings benezene rings When the above compounds contain only alkyl, halogen, nitro, nitroso and sometimes alkoxy groups loswest number for the substituents, and if there are more than one ways for numbering, then, B. for English nomenclature, begin numbering at the group that has alphabetical priority For Chinese nomenclature, begin numbering at the group that is lowest priority smallest group Naming if Two Halides or Alkyl Are Equally Distant from Ends of Chain Begin at the end nearer the substituent whose name comes first in the alphabet 中文命名在此不同: 给最小基团最小编号 8.1 Naming Alcohols General classifications of alcohols based on substitution on C to which OH is attached Methyl C has 3 H’s , Primary 1° C has two H’s, one R , secondary 2° C has one H, two R’s , tertiary 3° C has no H, 3 R’s IUPAC Rules for Naming Alcohols Select the longest carbon chain containing the hydroxyl group, and derive the parent name by replacing the -e ending of the corresponding alkane with -ol Number the chain from the end nearer the hydroxyl group Number substituents according to position on chain, listing the substituents