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Unit 2 Grammar Ving form for Subject and Object Part 1: Find and underline the sentences in the passage that use—ing forms as either the subject or the object. Sentences using the --ing form Since then , finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal . As a young man , he saw the greatneed for increasing the rice output . Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields . However, he doesn’t care about being famous . He enjoys listening to violin music , playing mahjong ,swimming and reading . Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him . Just dreaming for things , however, costs nothing . Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people . Part 2:Grammar Learning 1. 动词-ing形式的构成：是在动词末尾加 -ing 形式构成，因此又叫动词的 -ing 形式。如： do-doing, be-being, ask-asking, etc. 否定形式：not+ -ing构成 2. 动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，还有时态和语态的变化。 3. 时态和语态 动词-ing形式在时态上可分为一般式和完成式。 一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作； 完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。 动词-ing形式在语态上可分为主动式和被动式。 主动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词的动作执行者。 被动式表示它的逻辑主语时-ing分词的动作承受者。 类别 及 物 动 词 不及物动词 形式 主 动 被 动 主 动 一般式 doing being done doing 完成式 having done having been done having done 例如： Being a student, he was interested in drawing. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 Not having studied hard, he failed the exam. 因为没有努力学习，他考试不及格。 The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题和重要。 He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter. 他从来没谈起过他被记者采访的事情。 注意：在need, want, require, be worth等动词（短语）后，作宾语的-ing分词常用主动形式来表示被动意义。如： Your shoes need cleaning. =Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。 This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一看。 4. -ing 分词的语法作用 -ing 分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句子中可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾补等。 1) -ing分词作主语和宾语： 动词-ing形式可以在句子中做主语或宾语，此时也可称为动名词。如： Collecting stamps is a good hobby. He enjoys fishing. (1)-ing分词（短语）作主语： Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 ①-ing分词