非限定性动词专题.docVIP

I 非限定性动词 infinitive, -ing participle, -ed participle 一、不定式和动词-ing形式都可以直接放在句首作主语，也都适用于It 句型，区别在于适用于不同的句型：a. 不定式适用的句型为： It is n. to do: It is my dream to become a super star in the future. It takes sb. some time to do sth.: It took me three hours to fly back to my home town. It is adj. for sb. to do sth: It is important for you to make a good preparation for the coming test. It is adj. of sb. to do sth: It is very kind of you to help us solve the problem. b. 动词-ing形式适用的句型为： It is no use/ no good/ no fun/ a great pleasure/ a waste of time/ a bore, etc + doing sth: It is no use cring over the spilt milk. It is expensive/ good/ interesting/ nice/ pointless/ useless/ worthwhile, etc + doing sth. It is useless asking him for help. There is no doing: There is no saying telling what may happen next. 含义上的不同： Compare: Smoking is prohibited here. / It is not good for you to smoke so much. To spend my summer vacation in Florida is my biggest dream these days. / Spending the summer vacation in Florida is quite a funny thing. 二、通常情况下，动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式在句中可充当状语，分句的主语应和主句的主语保持一致。 Going home, a flower pot hit me on the head. × Going home, I was hit on the head by a flower pot. √ 注意：用-ing还是-ed形式取决于分词及主句主语的关系 Looking at in this way, the problem is much easier. × Looked at in this way, the problem is much easier. √ 当这两种形式作状语时，由while, when, once, if, unless, though等词引导的从句中的主语若和主句主语一致，可以直接写成while, when, once, if, unless, though +分词结构。例如： When we are talking about the new plan, we are very excited. 三、不定式的几种形式： 1. 不定式的一般式，即“to＋动词原形”，表示的动作通常与谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生，或之后发生。 I am glad to see you． No one could tell me where to get the book． 2. 不定式的完成式，即“to have ＋过去分词”，表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，它的逻辑主语也是句子的主语或宾语。如：　 He is said to have written a new book about workers.　 I am sorry to have given you so much trouble．　 Robert is said?____________ abroad，but I dont know what country he studied in．　 A．to have studied??? B．to study??? C．to be studying??? D．to have been studying　 英语中一些表示希望、愿望的词，如 would love，meant，hope