陕南某金矿尾矿库周边土壤重金属复合污染特征.docVIP

陕南某金矿尾矿库周边土壤重金属复合污染特征 　　摘要：通过实地采样和实验室分析，重点分析陕南某金矿尾矿库周边土壤中重金属元素含量，归纳重金属在土壤中的污染分布和衰减特征，分析出重金属元素之间的相关性，并采用Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法划分出潜在生态风险程度。结果表明，尾矿库周边土壤污染最严重的元素是Cu，其次是Cd，所测6种土壤重金属空间分布具有一定的差异性。Ni、Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn 5种重金属含量随距尾矿距离增加而明显衰减，同时Cu、Pb、Cd等元素含量在西南风下风向有累积作用。Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn 4种元素含量之间均存在极显著正相关，它们之间存在相同自然污染源或者复合污染性质。潜在生态风险程度较高和极高的采样点分布在第一采样区和第二、第三采样区的下风向。 　　关键词：重金属；分布特征；复合污染；潜在生态风险；陕南；金矿尾矿库 　　中图分类号：X53 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2014）19-4564-04 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2014.19.014 　　Characteristics of Heavy Metals Combined Pollution in Soil around the Gold Mine Tailings in Southern Shaanxi Province 　　TANG Bo1，2，ZHOU Ying-hong3 　　（1. Xian University of Science and Technology， Xian 710054，China；2. Shaanxi University of Technology ，Hanzhong 723001， Shaanxi， China； 　　3. Wuxi Institute of Commerce， Wuxi 214153， Jiangsu， China） 　　Abstract： The contents， the characteristics of distribution and attenuation， and the correlation of heavy metals in soil around the gold mine tailings were studied with field sampling and experimental analysis. Potential ecological risk assessment of the heavy metals was analyzed with Hakanson potential ecological risk index techniques. The results showed that Cu was the most serious polluted element in the soil， following by Cd. The contents of Ni，Cu，Pb，Cd，Zn in the soil declined distinctly with the increase of distant. The contents of Cu，Pb，Cd increased in soil in the northeast because of the dominant wind of northwest. There was high positive correlation between every two elements which were Ni，Cu，Pb，Zn， showing that they were of same pollution source or same combined pollution property. The highest and higher pollution risk index were distributed over the whole 1st sampling region and the northeast of 2nd and 3rd sampling region. 　　Key words：heavy metals； regular of distribution； combined pollution； potential ecological risk； gold gangue in south Shaanxi 　　近年来，随着矿山开发强度的进一步加大，矿山环境问题日益严重，尤其是矿区周边土壤污染问题日渐突出[1]。矿山开采和冶炼过程中，重金属随尾沙、矿尘、冶金废弃物进入矿山及其