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Deixis Lecture 7 Introduction Deixis concerns the use of certain linguistic expressions to locate entities in spatio-temporal, social and discoursal context. First and second person pronouns, demonstratives, tense, certain place and time adverbials, verbs such as come, go, bring, take, and fetch. Such deictic expressions encode specific aspects of the speech event and cannot be interpreted unless contextual parameters are taken into account. Introduction I prefer apples to oranges. I’ll see you there/then. Besides, she is a very nice person. Linguists have tended to establish categories of deictics according to their function and the contextual parameters they define. A number of observations seem to point to the grounding of deixis on human perception and image schematic structure as well as on the interactive character of communication. Introduction Buhler (1982[1934]) advocated the fusion and intersection of perceptual and linguistic processes. Deictic expressions refer to a deictic field of language whose zero point is fixed by the person who is speaking, the place of utterance and the time of utterance (I, here, now, respectively). The symbolic field comprises naming words which function as symbols of meaning. Introduction He also feels his body in relation to his visual orientation, and uses it deictically. His body feeling representation stands in relation to the visual space. Hanks (1992) makes reference to an image schematic figure-ground relation characterizing the identification of a referent (figure) in relation to an indexical origo (ground). Deictic reference “organizes the field of interaction into a foreground upon a background, as figure and ground organize the visual field.” (Hanks 1992) A Descriptive Analysis Truth value A woman with a baby in her arms is ill. I am ill. The truth value of a sentence does not rely solely on the sense of the words in it, but also depends on context. A Descriptive Analysis Traditionally, by deixis is meant The lo