浙江省临床医学英语考试卷2009.doc

一、将下列单词或词组译成汉语：（每题1分，记10分） 1．iron deficiency anemia 2．supportive care 3．etiology 4．diuretics 5．hyperkalemia 6．contrast material 7．proteinuria 8．peritonitis 9．total parenteral mutrition 10．transfusion 二、将下列单词或词组译成英语（每题1分，记10分） 1．肠梗阻 2．中风 3．心肌梗死 4．胆囊切除 5．结肠息肉 6．生存率 7．营养不良Trauma is the leading nonobstetric cause of maternal mortality and occurs in as many as 7% of pregnancies. The most common mechanisms of injury are from falls or from motor vehicle crashes. When compared to age-matched pregnant controls, pregnant women who sustained trauma had a higher incidence of spontaneous abortion, preterm labor , fetomaternal hemorrhage, abruptio placentae, and uterine rupture. Multiple studies have attempted to identify risk factors that predict morbidity and mortality in the pregnant trauma patient. The maternal Injury Severity Score, mechanism of injury, and physical findings are unable to adequately predict adverse outcomes such as abruptio placentae and fetal loss. Early involvement of an available obstetrician is important to evaluate both maternal and fetal well-being. 2．End-stage renal disease (ESRD) from diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in patients with type 1 diabetes, affecting 30 to 35% of patients in the United States. Although nephropathy is about one half as frequent in type 2 diabetics (partially due to a shortened life expectancy), type 2 diabetes still makes up the vast majority of diabetic patients seeking therapy for ESRD. Overall, diabetes is the leading cause of ESRD in the United states, accounting for more than one third of cases. 3．The physician does not exist in a vacuum but rather as part of a complicated and extensive system of medical care and pubic health. In premodern times and even today in some developing countries, basic hygiene, clean water, and adequate nutrition have been the most important ways to promote health and reduce disease. In developed countries, the adoption of healthy lifestyles,