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(X光绕射学)ATT00424.doc

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(X光绕射学)ATT00424

DMSE Ph.D. Qualified Examination: X光繞射學 2010.01 Please explain the following terms or principles briefly but exactly. [40%] Continuous x-ray spectrum Characteristic x-ray spectrum K absorption edge Bragg’s law Rotating Crystal diffraction Atomic scattering factor Rocking curve measurement Rietveld method Here is the x-ray powder diffraction pattern obtained from Cux-Au1-x nanoparticles FCC with epitaxial Cu2O surface layers. The wavelength of x rays used is 1.54 ?. [45%] Estimate the thickness and particle size of Cu2O and Cux-Au1-x, respectively, by Scherrer’s formula. Estimate the composition of the present Cux-Au1-x alloyed nanoparticles by Vegard’s law where aCu 3.60 ? and aAu 4.08 ?. Estimate the overall atomic fraction of Cu:Au:O. Get atomic scattering factors from Table 1. Ignore the absorption and temperature factors for this calculation. Table 1: atom/ion a1 b1 a2 b2 a3 b3 a4 b4 c Cu 13.338 3.5828 7.1676 0.247 5.6158 11.3966 1.6735 64.8126 1.191 Cu+ 11.9475 3.3669 7.3573 0.2274 6.2455 8.6625 1.5578 25.8487 0.89 Cu2+ 11.8168 3.37484 7.11181 0.244078 5.78135 7.9876 1.14523 19.897 1.14431 O2- 4.1916 12.8573 1.63969 4.17236 1.52673 47.0179 -20.307 -0.01404 21.9412 Au 16.8819 0.4611 18.5913 8.6216 25.5582 1.4826 5.86 36.3956 12.0658 a Describe the principle and main features of small angle x-ray scattering SAXS as clear as you can. [5%]. b A specimen of monodispersed spherical particles is characterized by SAXS λ 1.54 ? as shown below. Estimate the gyration radius using Guinier law. Pick data you need for this calculation. [10%] Hint: