企业管理--团队致胜(及时制供应方案)(P65页).pptVIP

PART I Challenges 3 Winning as a Team 團隊致勝 Winning as a Team If complexity and variability are what make supply chain management a hard game to master, then the best tactics are those that lead to simplicity and stability. Indeed, most of the innovations in supply chain management over the past 20 years have attempted to both simplify and stabilize the flow of demand, supply, and cash. These innovations include the extension of just-in- time manufacturing techniques out to the supply chain, plus a variety of specialized programs for managing the replenishment of retail inventories. Unfortunately, the gains produced by these programs have often come at the expense of other links in the chain, and that doesnt improve the competitiveness of the chain as a whole. A brief look at game theory reveals why these programs are falling short and points the way to the winning strategy: integrating the members of the supply chain into a smoothly functioning team by making sure that every members win contributes to the success of all the others. 倘若供應鏈管理不易精通是因為其複雜性(complexity)與變異性 (variability)，那麼最好的戰術就是設法讓系統變得單純(simplicity)與穩定 (stability)。的確，在過去20年間，大部分的供應鏈管理創新，都在企圖讓 需求(demand)、供應(supply)與帳款(cash)的流程可以簡單，而且穩定地進 行。這些創新的方法包括延伸及時制(JIT)生產技術於供應鏈上，以及數種 管理零售存貨補充的推動方案(programs)。不幸的是，這些推動方案所帶 來的收益常造成供應鏈其他連結(links)費用的增加，而無法提升整體供應 鏈的競爭力。本章簡單以「賽局理論」(game theory)探討，可以發現這些 推動方案有所不足之原因，並指出致勝策略之道：整合供應鏈成員成為一 個運作順暢的團隊，確保每位成員的獲勝會帶給其他成員的成功。 JIT Supply Programs(及時制供應方案) JIT has transformed manufacturing Of the many efforts to improve the flow of raw materials into production facilities, most have involved extending the reach of the just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing method upstream toward suppliers. One of the key elements of the JIT approach is eliminating excess inventory throughout the production process by timing the movement of materials to each workstation to arrive just at the moment they are needed for the next operation. This practice minimizes inventories throughout the