lysbilde1.ppt

Overview Gamma camera Positron emission technology PET Computer tomography CT Proton therapy Electrical impedance tomography EIT Scintillation-detector Gamma Camera A camera for nuclear imaging. The most used so far was invented by H. Anger in the 1960’s The Anger camera Anger camera Anger Camera cont. Collimator focusing Actual isotopes 1 Actualisotopes 2 Line spread and MTF PET camera Annihilation coincidence detection Emitted positrons lose their kinetic energy by causing excitation and ionization A positron that has lost most of the energy will interact with an electron by an annihilation This annihilation will convert the mass of the electron-positron pair into two 511-keV photons, emitted in contrary directions Annihilation coincidence detection If a simultaneous photon is registered in two different detectors, the annihilation came into being along a straight line between the two detectors . The electronics within a scanner detects the simultaneous hits in a process called annihilation coincidence detection When two simultaneous hits have been detected, a line between the two detectors is calculated True, random, and scatter coincidences A true coincidence detection is the result of a single nuclear annihilation A random coincidence photons from different nuclear transformations are detected simultaneously at the detectors. May give erroneous results. A scatter coincidence one or both photons from a single annihilation are scattered in different directions but still detected in the detector Design of a PET scanner PET scintillation crystals coupled to photomulitiplier tubes PMT The signals are then processed in pulse mode in order to find the position, energy and the timestamp for each interaction The energy levels can be used to discriminate between scatter coincidences and true coincidences Early PET scanners coupled each scintillation crystal to a single PMT Size of individual crystal largely determined spatial resolution of