Dental Caries in the Child and Adolescent课件.pptVIP

Dental Caries in the Child and Adolescent Dental caries continues to be a major problem in dentistry and should receive significant attention in everyday practice, not only from the standpoint of restorative procedures but also in terms of preventive measures designed to reduce the problem. Caries is on the decline in the industrial countries but it is on the increase in the developing countries such as Saudi Arabia due to increased sugar consumption. Prevalence studies in Saudi Arabia Darwish (1980): 32% caries free in 2-5 yr. old preschool children. Darwish (1983): 11% caries free in 9-14 yr. old school children (F only). Al-Shammery, Guile El-Backly (1990): 21.3% caries free in 6 yr. olds 41.09% caries in 12 yr. olds. Prevalence of nursing bottle syndrome among preschool children in Jeddah (i.e. 3-6 yr. olds) was 20% (Al-Moudi, Salako Linjawy 1996) Prevalence of nursing caries in Saudi preschool children (Riyadh): 27.3% (Wyne, Darwish et al. 2001). Prevalence of ECC in Riyadh according to Al-Hussyeen and Al-Sadhan 2002: 28.6%. Theories of the Cause of Dental Caries Three theories: The Proteolysis Theory Gottlieb (1946) later Frisbie (1950) The Proteolytic – Chelation Theory The Chemico-Parasitic Theory – Miller (1890) or Acidogenic Theory This is the most popular, most supported by scientific data, i.e. decalcification of enamel by acid. Followed by disintegration of the organic component of tooth. Sequelae of Dental Caries Bacteria ferment sugar to produce aid. The acid dissolves tooth surface ? tooth decay or dental caries which affects the enamel ? dentine ? pulp ? pulpitis ? periapical infection ? dental abscess. Caries in the primary dentition Sequence of caries in primary dentition is as follows: First to be attacked are the mandibular molars followed by maxillary molars, followed by maxillary anterior teeth. Only rarely are mandibular anterior teeth affected or the lingual/buccal surfaces of the primary teeth generally, except in cases of rampan