虚拟语气Grammar and usage.ppt

虚拟语气可用于条件句和其它一些从句中。虚拟语气用于条件句中比较多, 情况也比较复杂, 所以要特别加以注意, 首先要判断一下是否应该用虚拟语气, 因为条件句分为两种, 一种是真实条件句, 一种是非真实条件句, 只有在非真实条件句中才用虚拟语气, 在真实条件句中, 要用陈述语气。 Observe the following sentences and tell Whether they are real or unreal conditional clauses. If we go on polluting the world, it won’t be fit for us to live in. If you are busy doing your homework, I won’t interrupt you. If you have finished cleaning the classroom, you can go home now. (Under these conditions, the things are sure to happen.) 一、非真实条件句 1. 条件从句和主句中的虚拟语气 在非真实条件句中,如果有were, had, should, 我们可以将if省略,把这些词置于句首,采用倒装形式；若从句中的谓语是否定形式，不能用动词的缩略形式。如: If I should meet her, I would tell her. = Should I meet her, I would tell her. Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 有时非真实条件句中, 主句谓语动词所表示的动作和条件从句中谓语动词所表示的动作并不同时发生, 这时动词的形式并不完全按照上述表格来进行, 而需要按照各自的时间来调整, 这样的句子就叫错综时间条件句。 e.g. If you had followed the doctor’s advice, then you would be all right now. If she had prepared well for her lessons yesterday, she wouldn’t have so many difficulties now. 有时一个假设的情况并不用条件从句表示,而用其它方式来表示,这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。 e.g. We might have died but for your help. =We might have died if you hadn’t helped us. without electricity, life would be quite different today. = if there were no electricity, 在条件从句中除最常见的连词之外,尚有下列连词: otherwise; in case; but that; on condition that; unless; suppose/supposing (that); so long as; provided/providing (that) e.g. I was busy last week, otherwise I would have come to see you. But for your help, they couldn’t have finished their work on time. I would have given you more money, but I was poor then. I would have called you, but I forgot your telephone number. 二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用 1.should+动词原形/ (被动）should + be done ; should可以省略： ① demand（要求）, suggest（建议）, advise, propose（提议）, insist（坚绝要求）, order（命令）, request（请求）, desire, urge（催促）, deserve, recommend（建议）, intend等表示建议，请求，命令动词后所跟的宾语从句中 2 It + be + suggested / demanded/... + that 引导的主语从句 It is+ important / necessary/ vital(重要的） / essential（必要的）+ that主语