语法2 - 名词.pptx

雅思语法名词名词的数与格主谓一致学术写作中的名词化名词的数可数 不可数通常有单数和复数形式A window, some windows有些单词只有复数形式：clothes, trousers, jeans, scissors没有复数形式：Advice, furniture有些看上去是复数，实则不是：News, economics, physics名词的数可数 不可数主谓在“数”上要一致：The window is big.The windows are big.能与不定冠词连用：A desk, an apple 只能跟单数动词使用：The natural light is really nice.不能与不定冠词连用：Information 名词的数可数 不可数可以被单数或复数代词指代：I’d like that desk; it’s better than mine.It’s got shelves as well. They’re really handy.可以被一个单数代词指代：What shall we say about the furniture?- Well, it’s not luxurious but it is very comfortable.名词的数可数 不可数能用表示重量、尺寸或数量的词计量：Two kilos of potatoesOr number: It’s got three drawers.能用表示重量、尺寸或诸如a piece of , cup of, bit of, slice of等短语计量：A piece of information名词的数一般来说，词汇在汉语中的可数性也可以应用在英语上，可数如书本(book)，桌子(desk)等；不可数如科技(technology), 水(water)但有些例外的要注意：Furniture, equipment, clothing, news, paper, information, machinery名词的数An item of newsA tube of toothpasteA cake of soapA slice of cakeA loaf of breadA length of clothA can of beerA jar of jamA sheer of paperA bottle of brandyA lump of sugarA pot of teaA grain of sandA large sum of money不可数名词往往可以用a(n) piece/item/slice of来表示集体名词aristocracy 贵族army 军队audience 听众bacteria 细菌cast 演员committee 委员会community 社区company 公司council 理事会crew 船员data 资料enemy 敌人family 家庭government 政府常见的集体名词集体名词集体名词视为整体的时候作单数，视为成员作复数：His family isn’t large. His family are all music lovers.The public was unlikely to support it.The public were deceived by the newspapers.集体名词很多情况下，集体名词后单复数动词都可以用：The school’s teaching staff is (are) excellent.The audience was (were) excited by the show.The local council are (is) in charge of repairing roads.集体名词少数集体名词通常用作单数：The entire community is behind the appeal. The opposition was quick to reply to the charge.Our company is sending him to work in Berlin.个别集体名词则多作复数：Bacteria are often a cause of disease.The police are looking for him.名词的格-’s所有格表示有生命的东西末尾加’sJim’s bedThe man’s wifeChildren’s toysThe fox’s tail名词的格-’s所有格以-es或-s结尾的名词末尾加sThe students’ booksTeachers’ DayMy boss’ officeA girls’ dormito