选修7_Unit1_Living_well[动词不定式].ppt

* * * * * 选修七 Unit 1 Living well Grammar: Revise the Infinitive 结构 肯定式: to do 否定式: not/never to do 二. 时态与语态 完成进行式 完成式 进行式 一般式 被动语态 主动语态 不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing ---------- ---------- (1) They pretended not to see us. (2) He pretended to be sleeping. (3) She pretended to have known it before. (不定式一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.) (不定式进行式表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词同时发生) (不定式完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前) (4) We’re happy to have been working with you. (不定式完成进行式表示动作从过去开始并延续至说话的时候) 1. 作主语 (subject) 2. 作宾语 (predicative) 3. 作宾语补足语 (object) 4. 作定语 (object complement) 5. 作状语 (attribute) 6. 作表语 (adverbial) 7. 作独立成分(absolute construction) 8. 与疑问词等连用 三.不定式的用法 Functions of Infinitive To see is to believe. It’s important to learn English well. 1. 主语 单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数 若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后. I want to go home. I found it necessary to learn English. 2. 宾语 think/consider/find it+adj.+to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词 有：hope, refuse, learn, set out, choose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan,warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等. She asked me to do the work with him. I expect you to give me some help. 3. 宾补 四看 watch see observe notice 三让 let make have 二听 listen to hear 一感: feel + sb do sth （不带to） e.g. I made him do his work. He was made to do his work (by me). 注意: 1 help 后面的“to”可省去 e.g. They often help the grandma (to) carry water. 2 see, hear, watch, feel, notice, l等表示感觉和let, make, have等表示使役的动词后面，不定式作宾语时要省“to” （注：被动语态不省to） 3 不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时, 如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式, 那么介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带to. (1) She could do nothing but cry. (2) I have no choice but to go. (3) What do you like to do besides sleep. 总结: 前有do, 后无to; 前无do, 后有to. I have something to say. He has a lot of homework to do . He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about. 4. 定语 注意: 如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词, 则不定式中要有介词. Eg: 请给我一支写字的笔. Please give me a pen to write with. He is looking for a room to live in. 他在找一个房间住。 不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面