细胞器的介绍.pptVIP

Nucleus（细胞核） In 1781,Trontana found Nucleuses in fish cells The construction of nucleus 一、karyotheca (核膜) 二、chromosomes（染色体） 三、nucleolus(核仁) 一、karyotheca (核膜) The chemical composition of the karyotheca are similar to that of cytomembrane（细胞膜）. The function of karyotheca 1、Karyotheca is a kind of important protective barrier 2、Karyotheca is selective osmotic membrane 二、chromosomes  1、DNA 2、protein 3、RNA 三、nucleolus The chemical composition of nucleolus are mainly protein，RNA and DNA The function of nucleolus This is the area where RNA is produced. * * * * This is a cell Cell memberane (细胞膜) The cell cytoplasm （细胞质） The nucleus （细胞核） Mitochondrion (线粒体) Ribosomes (核糖体) Golgi bodies (高尔基体) Endoplasmic reticulum (内质网) ATP The diameter of plant Nucleuses usually vary from 1 to 4μm，while the animals’ are about 10μm. n is necleolus , N is chromatin Ribosome There are involved in protein synthesis 蛋白质合成 We can find it in both procaryotic cell (原核细胞） and eukaryotic cell (真核生物） Important organelle Ribosome mRNA Ribosome amino acid tRNA the principle of complementary base pairing protein 氨基酸 碱基互补配对原则 Flattened(平面的）,rounded（圆形的） or tubular （管状的）vesicles（囊泡） connecte with one another,and continue frequently with the nuclear envelope. Endoplasmic reticulum（内质网） Granular ER （粗面内质网）attached with ribosomes,usually arranged in the form of flattened vesicles（平面囊泡）,are abundant in secretory cells（分泌细胞） Agranular ER（滑面内质网） lacks ribosomes ,usually vesicular（囊状）,concerned with steroid synthesis（类固醇合成物） ER is a system that modify （修改）the struture of proteins after translation Often associated with the endoplasmic reticulum,the Golgi apparatus is responsible for the modification(修正） and sorting（排列） of some viomolecules（分子）. Golgi apparatus(高尔基体） Vesicles bud off （萌发）from the ends of the sacs. The lumen is the interior （内部）of the Golgi sacs（囊）. The proteins inserted into （嵌入） the lumen（内腔） of the ER are transported to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and secr